Friday, May 31, 2019

Walt Disney and Disneyland Essay -- History Historical Cartoons Morals

Walt Disney and DisneylandWhen the subject of the Disney Enterprises is brought up, one often thinks of cartoons, musicals or other movies, amusement parks, and famous characters such as Mickey Mouse. And now, nearly four decades after his death, the maker of said creations, Walt Disney, is not nearly as recognized as he should be. Not only argon his works and other projects intriguing, his morals and techniques personally behind them are as well. And yet they werent sightly his morals, they were shared by the countrys plenty who so desired an example of good principles. Perhaps the most significant scheme of all was his creation of his very have got amusement park in 1955, Disneyland, located in Anaheim, California. Called the happiest place on earth, Disneyland was gorged with Disneys beliefs, hopes and values (that were in common with the nation) that were apparent not only in the movie-themed areas but in the wholly park and the way it was run as well. Disney, a cosmos keen on innocence and being happy, wanted Disneyland to be a representation of just that, as well as conveying a sense of Americana. The creation of Disneyland not only encompassed and showcased the ideals of Walt Disney but also served as a haven in which people with similar beliefs could come and celebrate such principles as the preservation of innocence, appreciation of simple joys, and nationalism in a postwar country. More everyplace, Disneyland was and remains an icon of the American Dream.Walt Disney, the man who was the creator of the Disney Company and products we know and love today, was certainly extraordinary. He is considered to be one of the most successful people in American history, and rightfully so because the magnitude of his accomplishments is astounding. His films (and the films that are produced under his name now after his death), amusement parks and other merchandise are acknowledged and apprehended throughout the entire world. Nearly all the Disney films and m erchandise, and all of the amusement parks target an audience of young children, and therefore Disney endorses his creations with stories containing good morals and an emphasis on maintaining innocence. When Disney first started creating his hit animated features, the nation was in a postwar state and was going through some turmoil within itself as well. propagation were changing. The pristine lives most o... ... icon, and because the park truly did embody and reinforce such American beliefs, Disneyland turned out to be an American success. Disney, a man for such strong support for what he believed was right and good in life and society, was not afraid to hold back his thoughts. He conveyed them throughout his films and in his own physical creation, Disneyland. Fortunately for both him and the people of the United States, both he and society agreed on what was morally right. The nation supported his ideals and was grateful for the result to this wonderland that he provided. As a m an full of -not political- but social power, Disney used his influence to his advantage to advertise these morals to people all over the world. He began with his creation of what some call his alter ego, Mickey Mouse, worked to producing films, and later opened his own amusement park. From there the Disney empire expanded to beyond belief, to a greater extent amusement parks popped up not only in America, but also all over the world, and films are still being created under his name. And Walt Disney, the man who started it all -and added a flair of his and the nations good morality-, will remain a household name forever.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Fall in and Who’s for the game? Essay -- English Literature

Fall in and Whos for the game?These two examples of poems are classifiable of the war propaganda of theperiod, they are propaganda posters to correct normal people get up, telltheir friends and to join the army, navy or RAF. They try to embarrasspeople who like to be masculine and question their masculinity thismakes them prove to people that they are a man so they go to fight inthe war. The poem teases unmasculine men and tries to make them feelbad for non going to fight.Harold Begbie exclaims that all the MEN who fight in the war will bepraised in the street, women will love them (which is not true if theyare severely handicapped), everyone will ignore you if you dont goand everyone who does will be heroes. Men hate getting ignored bywomen therefore they will want to join upJessie Popes idea of a game makes the reader feel as if war is afootball ball match or a great sporting event. Going with the LADSmakes it feel like there is comradery and a good eon to be had withcool peopl e, theres no mention of any death, killing people, blood orany oth...

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

St Thomas Aquinas Essay -- Religion Philosophy

St doubting doubting Thomas AquinasIt has been written that since the day of Aristotle, probably no one man has exercised such a stringy influence on the thinking world as did St Thomas Aquinas. Thomas Aquinas was born in 1225 in Italy of a noble family, thus detached by 900 years to Aristotle. He received his first education at the Abbey of Monte Cassino, going on from there to the University of Naples. In 1243, he joined the Dominican monastic order at Cologin. His most influential teacher was another Dominican, Albertus Magnis, a German who wrote extensively on theological matters and questions of national science, especially biology. Thomas was also a highly successful lecturer, and travelled widely across Europe, particularly on the business of his order and the church.In his short and active life, Thomas produced a prodigious amount of writing commentaries on biblical books and Aristotelian work, short essays on philosophical problems, and a lengthy compendium of Christian a poletices, the Summa Centra Gentiles, which, as Chambers et. al. writes was probably intended for Dominican missionaries working to convert heretics and infidels.St Thomas begins the Summa Centra Gentiles as writes by reaffirming what Aristotle claimed at the beginning of Metaphysics, namely, he that studies the end or direct of the universe is rightly called a wise man. He is wise because he is studying that which is highest and most noble among the subjects of study Truth. Truth, Aquinas claims, i...

GMO Foods :: Science Agriculture Papers

GMO Foods A great deal of controversy has arisen with the advent of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), curiously surrounding the production, sale, and expending of genetically modified foods. Many people are concerned, if not convinced, that the consumption of GMO foods by human beings may pose serious health risks. The concern is centered around the notion that there could potentially be various different unforeseen consequences due to the consumption of GMO foods. In addressing potential situation effects and byproducts of the initiation of transgenic foods, such as potential toxicity and allergenicity, it was found that the possibility and probability of these side effects are being regularly assessed and precautions are being taken to detect and avoid them. Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) was also taken into consideration and though it is indeed possible that gene tape drive of the genetically m odified (GM) gene into the DNA of mammalian cells could occur, it would not have any persistent or negative effect on the recipient. HGT into microorganisms might be a concern if antibiotic resistance was conveyed to the recipient but in light of this fact resistance to key antibiotics is not used in the creation of GMOs. Therefore, the overall potential of GM foods to have negative effects on human health due to the aforementioned phenomena is negligible. IntroductionThe commercial production and consumption of Genetically Modified (GM) foods is perceived by many to be a novel technology that has been poorly evaluated and could potentially be harmful to humans. Though these foods search very new, the first regulatory approval of GM crops occurred in 1995 (A. Konig et al., 2004). It was in the mid-1980s that the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the US Office of Science and Technology polity were working to assess the safety and need for regulation o f GM crops and any other foods produced using GM crops. That puts us back at least 20 years from today in our ongoing scrutiny of the safety of GM foods.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Death Penalty :: essays research papers fc

1st Negative case You have heard from the approbatory side and you whitethorn disagree or agree with some of their points, but the reality is that their plan will not and cannot succeed in todays society. True, on paper the plan looks very good, but it will not work. Todays present system, with the remainder penalty is much better mutilate then without it. The negative side, which my partner and I represent, feels that the death penalty should not be abolished and that todays system, which allows states to choose if they want to impose the death penalty, should inhabit to be used. It is true that innocent people have been executed, but that number is miniscule compared to the amount of true criminals that are rightfully executed. There is 28-step procedure needful before any person can be given a death sentence. By having the process consist of numerous steps and involving many incompatible people, human error is greatly reduced. The death penalty is not racially or gender bias , much to the contrary of what the affirmative team believes. The fact is that hands commit more crimes, so they will be convicted at a greater rate then women. The ratio of men to women on death course of study and executed is 681 or 340050 (NAACP Spring 1996). From 1976-1994, men committed 7 times as many murders as women or a 71 ratio (Sourcebook 94). Therefore, it may be statically shown that men are, by a 701 ratio, more likely to be on death row then are women. Like gender bias, racial bias is nonexistent in the rulings involving the death penalty. Whites represent 56% of those executed, and blacks 38% (NAACP Summer of 1996). The some other 6% are other minorities. The death penalty is not bias to any race, but by just looking at the numbers it may seem that it is. The total populations of each race will give the illusion of bias, but that is not true. The affirmative side also argues that the cost of life in prison without war cry is much cheaper then the cost of the deat h penalty, but this, like their charge of bias, is also untrue. The death penalty is millions cheaper then life without parole in the long run, but when our numbers are compared to the affirmatives numbers no right or wrong conclusion can be reached. No one team can give impartial numbers since studies by both sides are bias.

Death Penalty :: essays research papers fc

1st Negative case You have heard from the affirmative side and you may disagree or agree with some of their points, but the reality is that their plan result not and give the sacknot succeed in todays society. True, on paper the plan looks real good, but it will not work. Todays present system, with the finis penalty is much better off and then without it. The negative side, which my partner and I represent, feels that the death penalty should not be abolished and that todays system, which allows states to choose if they want to impose the death penalty, should continue to be used. It is true that innocent mess have been executed, but that number is miniscule compared to the amount of true criminals that are rightfully executed. There is 28-step procedure necessary before any person jakes be given a death sentence. By having the process consist of numerous steps and involving many different people, human error is greatly reduced. The death penalty is not racially or gender b ias, much to the contrary of what the affirmative team believes. The fact is that men commit more crimes, so they will be convicted at a greater rate then women. The ratio of men to women on death row and executed is 681 or 340050 (NAACP Spring 1996). From 1976-1994, men committed 7 times as many murders as women or a 71 ratio (Sourcebook 94). Therefore, it may be statically shown that men are, by a 701 ratio, more likely to be on death row then are women. handle gender bias, racial bias is nonexistent in the rulings involving the death penalty. Whites represent 56% of those executed, and blacks 38% (NAACP Summer of 1996). The other 6% are other minorities. The death penalty is not bias to any black market, but by just looking at the numbers game it may seem that it is. The total populations of each race will give the illusion of bias, but that is not true. The affirmative side also argues that the cost of life in prison without parole is much cheaper then the cost of the death p enalty, but this, like their charge of bias, is also untrue. The death penalty is millions cheaper then life without parole in the long run, but when our numbers are compared to the affirmatives numbers no right or wrong conclusion can be reached. No one team can give impartial numbers since studies by both sides are bias.

Monday, May 27, 2019

An Analysis of a “Modern” Sitcom

In his Sitcom What It Is, How It Works, Richard F. Taflinger (1996)outlines not only what makes a television program comedic only when more specifically what points to its being a situational comedy (or simply, sitcom). Examining a random sample of programs from 1950 to 1993, Taflinger identified three types of sitcom actcom, domcom, and dramedy. But the scope of the studies were sitcoms that be outright almost unknown to the modern viewers. Taking one of the most popular sitcoms of this generation Friends will Taflingers theories still hold water?Warner Bros. Televisions hit comedy show Friends started airing on 22 September 1994 and went on to span 10 seasons, ending only last 2004. The show has bugger off sort of a cult following, which make big bucks not only for creators David Crane and Martha Kauffman, but also for the stars. (Internet moving picture Database Inc., 2005) Being a sitcom, Friends is episodic in nature meaning, there is a definite set of character, settin g, and a plot for distributively episode (Taflinger, 1996).Friends fans have come to get acquainted with the six major characters in the series Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Monica Geller (Courtney Cox-Arquette), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), and Dr. Ross Geller (David Schwimmer). And in the ten years that fans have let the six friends into their living rooms, they have come to know each corner and nook of the characters apartment and their favorite hangout place, the Central Park Coffee Shop. (Internet Movie Database Inc., 2005)But unlike the sitcoms mentioned in Taflingers study, Friends does not purely fall under the three sitcom categories named. In fact, this popular sitcom seesaws between being an actcom and a domcom. The series pretty much started as an actcom, with emphasis on the actions rather than the characterization. Parallel to Taflingers (1996) description of an actcom, the earlier series of Friends m ostly featured Rachel, Monica, Phoebe, Joey, Chandler, and Ross as shallow and superficial and adhering to a certain societal stereotype. Phoebe was the ditzy, blonde female who always seems to be confused. Joey, who is her male counterpart, represents the struggling vainglorious actor.Releted essay An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsRoss is the geek, Rachel the heartthrob, Monica the know-it-all, and Chandler the all-around typical American guy. During this time, most of the characters problems revolve around mistakes, misunderstandings, attempts to influence the behavior of others, or unforeseen circumstances. (Taflinger, 1996) Take for example Rachels realization that she likes Ross and, thinking that Ross likes her back (as touted by Chandler), she meets him at the airport only to be surprised that Ross arrived with a date named Janice.Also in line with actcoms, Friendss situations during the first few seasons are complicated by flaws in the plan to solve the problems. (Taflin ger, 1996) A classic example is episode 5 of Season 1, where Joeys desire to have his ex-girlfriend Angela to break up with her gallant Bob led him to asking Monica to go on a double-date by lying that Angela and Bob are siblings.Yet as Friends progressed, it started to develop the characters more. We easily saw changes in Rachel, Monica, Phoebe, Joey, Chandler, and Ross and their conflicts became more domestic. Around Season 7 and 8, the characters start to tackle dilemmas of a moral and emotional nature. Most famous of these dilemmas is Joey eventually travel in be intimate with Rachel. Creating a big story line in the show, this particular crisis creates a moral dilemma for Joey he wonders whether its right to love Rachel since shes been with their friend Ross and when Rachel also feels thats shes having emotions for Joey, she gripes about whether that emotion is right.Even with the evolution to a domcom, Friends still once in awhile go back to being an actcom. There will st ill be moments in latter seasons where Phoebe makes a really stupid comment or when Joey once again proves to be self-centered. This occasional drift to actcom makes Friends a culmination of both the actcom and the domcom types of sitcoms. But even without a definite category, Friends is still undeniably a sitcom in that it meets the umbrella definition of what constitutes a sitcoms plot, complication, and characterization that they are deeply rooted either by representation or by remainder in idealized American middle-class (Taflinger, 1996).All the characters in Friends save for some transient or guest stars are of the middle class. Most of their dilemmas and problems are also typical of those in the same social status. Their decisions and actions are also based on how a typical middle-class American will act. other element that makes the Warner Bros. Television series a sitcom is the sympathy evoked by each character. As Taflinger (1996) said, audience members identify with sitcom characters. The viewers are supposed to feel for what the character is going through and they almost always wish that the characters soon come to a resolution.Friends spanning into 10 seasons, with the last episode garnering an estimated 51.1 one thousand thousand viewers, plus the still constant clamor for the show to go back on air is a strong testament to the characters influence on viewers. It made such a big impact that people felt like Rachel, Monica, Phoebe, Joey, Chandler, and Ross are also their friends. (Internet Movie Database Inc., 2005)With the changing audience needs and wants, there is a need to redefine the types of sitcoms, calling for a combination of what makes one type click and eliminating what doesnt. But whats important is that sitcoms maintain their staple ingredients to become effective. analogous Friends. Even with the deviation in the strict categorization of sitcoms, Friends still meet the very definition of what makes a situational comedy middl e-class American and sympathetic.REFERENCESInternet Movie Database Inc. (2005). Friends (1994). IMDb. Retrieved 20 October 2007, from http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0108778/.Taflinger, Richard F. (1996, May 28). Sitcom What It Is, How It Works. Retrieved 20 October 2007.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

How College Students Use Wikipedia for Course-Related Essay

Why then are academics so wary about the use of Wikipedia within universities? There are a number of related reasons. Before outlining them we should acknowledge that there may be differences according to academic discipline in attitudes towards Wikipedia. Speaking to academics from the natural and medical sciences everyplace the last year, it seems that those subjects are less concerned with issues of originality of source than the arts and social sciences.It also may be pic and this is genuine speculation pic that academics in the English speak world, where to the highest degree of the academic controversy over Wikipedia use has been, are more sensitive to the source than in other parts of the world. These qualifications aside, there are distinct reasons why Wikipedia use is, at the very least, contentious in universities. First, it is the product of anonymous individuals rather than known authorities, Wales is quite explicit on thisOne of the hot things were beginning to lose is the view of the world that there are a handful of thoughtful, intelligent people that should be broadcasting their views to everyone. And then the popular is some sort of crazed rabble, easily swayed by rhetoric and so forth. Now we imbibe to have a more nuanced understanding. Wikipedia is not necessarily anti-academic alone it is anti-elitist as evidenced by the short shrift given to eminent academics in debates when they expected deference (see Keen 2007, 43pic4).Second, the non-proprietary nature of Wikipedia cuts against academic culture which valorises the rights of the author and publisher. Third, the anonymity of Wikipedia articles is alien to the cache of the named writer of the journal article or book. Fourth, the collaborative process challenges the norm of individual creation, prevalent in the arts and social sciences. Fifth, as intimated, Wikipedia departs from the standard mode of vetting by peer review. It is not true that articles are not reviewed. On the contr ary, they are scrutinised by far more editors than for any journal.However, as the contributor is generally not an academic expert, so the reviewer is not generally an academic expert. So Wikipedia rejects academic custom in the compilation of knowledge. In addition, there are a number of what might be termed learning and teaching issues pertaining to its use within universities. First, there is the issue of the accuracy of Teaching in Higher Education 651 Downloaded by University of Glasgow at 0527 12 December 2012 Wikipedia entries, something that relates to the lack of formal expertise and peer review.Reviews of the accuracy of Wikipedia entries by formal expert(s) have actually been generally positive (for natural sciences see Giles 2005 American history Meier 2008). Despite this, the suspicion still surrounds Wikipedia that it cannot be trusted. OSullivans (2009, 119) assertion that most people probably have an ambivalent attitude toward Wikipedia, thankful for its existence, u sing it frequently, but with reservations about its total reliability seems valid. Some academics would no doubt understand with the sar fagic observation of comedian Frankie Boyle that Wikipedia entries should begin with I reckon.Second, some have questioned whether Wikipedias determination for studied neutrality is convincing. OSullivan (2010) complains that as Wikipedia just displays one voice, diversity is not incorporated and therefore articles become bland. Waless response is unapologetic Guilty as charged, were an encyclopedia (in Read 2006). non that his approach to knowledge is without theory, it derives rather from his admiration for the convoluted objectivist philosophy of Aryan Rand, the Russian e?migre? philosopher and novelist (Younkins 2007).A third learning and teaching concern is that, careless(predicate) of the reliability of Wikipedia, it is in itself an illegitimate form of research. Here the thinking would be that a student who culls Wikipedia for assignment s does not understand scholarship. This consists of the consideration of various sources a rash sifting and ordering of knowledge, rather than lifting bite sized chunks of text that purport to capture a subject.On this Wales concurs, telling students For God sake, youre in college dont cite the encyclopedia (in Young 2006). Some universities in the US have banned Wikipedia use, whilst others recommend a more discriminating approach (Jaschik 2007 Murley 2008). The last mentioned is what Wales and others within Wikipedia advise it should be used only as a starting place in academic research, a references source and a rewrite aid. What, however, is the evidence on Wikipedia use by students and academics at universities?

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Book Review of The Hunchback of Notre Dame Essay

There are legion(predicate) books that were published in the year of 1831. However, none of them have grown to be so popular and love as the book The Hunchback of Notre Dame. This renowned book has many qualities, as it does flaws. It also has a variety of characters, such as the lovable Quasimodo. This novel is internationally loved because of its magnificent content.The novel Hunchback of Notre Dame is recognized for its great qualities. One of the great qualities of this story is that it is very realistic, and has a genuine feel. The punishments, the crimes, and the accusations were practical and leisurely to accept. While Quasimodo is getting punished in Chapter 7, the punishment he endures was an actual punishment in the 1830s. This story also has authentic characters, like Esmeralda and Phoebus. Phoebus is a player, and leaves Esmeralda, a girl head-over-heels for him, to die. The personality of these characters and their relationship is not impossible, and there are many peo ple like them. This novel is also whimsical. The story is totally unpredictable, and very fast-paced. At the end of the novel, the subscriber is uncertain which way the story will go, and if it will end happily. This quality keeps the reader curious and wanting to read more.This story has many great qualities, but there are many shortcomings as well. First off, the situations the characters are put in arent very realistic. For example, when Esmeralda is about to be hanged, Quasimodo swings from a gallery to the church in Chapter 14. This is a weak point and takes away from the authenticity of the story. Another drawback is that the beginning is not exciting enough to maintain the readers interest. At the beginning, the novel is very dull, and there isnt any action. The reader becomes uninterested, and no longer wants to continue the book. The last weakness is that this book is targeted towards a small audience. It is violent and unsuitable for kids, boring for many teenagers, and i s mostly for an audience who likes and appreciates classics.This classic also has many characters. However, a memorable character is Quasimodo. He is an estimable character, because he represents the lesson Beauty is from within. Although he is heavily disfigured and mutated, he is caring and gentle to everyone around him. Quasimodo is also very thoughtful. When he takes care of her and she asks to tally Phoebus, he puts her wants over his. Finally, Quasimodo is a favourite character among many, because he sets her free. He lets Esmeralda be with Gringoire, and this shows how much he loves her.All-in-all, The Hunchback of Notre Dame was an amazing book. It has many qualities, round shortcomings, and memorable characters. This may be an old book, but there are many morals to be learned.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Strategies of Human Resource

The sustenance service industry is a growing market and continues to increase by over a steady step of 5 percent between 2011 and 2012. The industry has a high turnover rate of employees and constantly replaces unskilled proceeders in food service which cost the judge of one years salary and benefits depending on the position may cost thousands of dollars. A recent study showed that fast food restaurants with the commencementest turnover made doubly the revenue and higher profits than restaurants which had constant turnover. Sweetie Pies is a soul food restaurant located in SST.Louis, Mo owned and operated by Robbie capital of Alabama and James Norman, her son. The first restaurant, Sweetie Pies at Mangrove is the flagship of the restaurants which opened in 1996 further the recent opening of the Upper Crust is the gem of her restaurants completely by offering the signature recipes of the restaurant, a banquet hall, culinary school and practiseing arts space to the patrons. Th e focus of this paper is to identify key atomic number 18as in stultification practices to align the argumentation objectives and goals to expand nationally. Sweetie Pies ability to manage its people im set out be the key to succeeding in its goal to become a national brand.The restaurant has a niche in the DOD service industry because of its cuisine is not comparable to any of its competitors however the restaurant lead have to diversify its menu to broaden its brand on the national level. The owner has secured resources to branch out with the Upper Crust and provide a solely new line of services offered to customers. The compensation philosophy is not clearly positd however the employees are satisfied and share continuous enthusiasm doing their descent considering the structure of the restaurant and the limit advancement to higher positions is not a clear promotion path.Employers are more likely to look at the external value of a Job before engendering the internal Job wo rth (www. Workload. Org). The current standard of the Job evaluation is base on the geographical location, apprehend pools and market which will give the range pay per hour or pay per year. The pay rate of 7. 80 hour for kitchen help/servers is general but lagging in the market by . 20 cent different of other chain restaurants or similar establishments in the area. The restaurant is popular because of the earthly concern television show on OWN.It has given them national exposure and the attraction of many tourists who are drawn there by the dishes displayed on the Food exactment and other cooking shows. The food service industry workers are on some type of government aid due to low wages and low compensation packages. At Sweetie Pies, the wages are above those of minimum but limited compensation packages are offered to the employees. The HRS administrations which are usually for control and committedness are not in place at Sweetie Pies because of the structure of the busines s.At corporate level, capital market measures of performance are generally considered more extensive than contemporaneous broadsheeting measures if profit (return on assets or equity. )(Beer & Gerhard, 1996, peg. 791)The restaurant is very capable of achieving the goal to expand because the tasks which the owners have identified by opening culinary school will give their employees the training to learn new knowledge, skills and abilities to offer the consumer different types of cuisine.According to Dither and Dougherty, businesses that are better organized to meet the of necessity of their people, so that they attract better people than their competitors do and their people are more greatly motivated to do a superior Job, whatever it is they do. This significantly is the problem with Sweetie Pies because of the lack of organization may hamper their ability to expand in the future. This being a service industry the customer must be satisfied with the overall outcome the product. The 21st century unfolds it is clear that most people accept that service will play an increasingly important part in the economy. Atkinson (2000, p. 8) goes further in asserting the importance of service performer/ customer exchange in that Customer perception of service delivery will be imperative and will shape their choice of supplier or service provider. Service excellence will need to take on a new mantle of one to one partner relationships with the customer, the consumer and end-user. (Maxwell, Watson & Quail, 2004, peg. 2) One of the unique things about Sweet Pies, Ms. Robbie plans were based on her customers and continues to offer the southern hospitality reservation sure that customers are always satisfied by conversing with each patron about their meal. The work process in the food service industry is the preparation, taste, initiation and delivery that involve steps taken to bring the food to the consumer. Sweetie Pies believe in preparing their meals from scratch and purchasing fresh vegetables, meats and wholesome bake goods.There are some times problems that dont stem from the food but based on the behavior of the employees. On one scene of the reality show, Sweetie Pies, the owners, Ms. Robbie and Tim were having conflict with each other about the treatment of his younger cousin, Ill Charles which ended with Tim being fired. Individuals with high n Power seek to control their environments and influence the behavior of others, season n Oaf is associated with the need to develop friendships and to be sociable and caring of others (Dither & Dougherty, 2012, peg. 6) however Miner motivation states that Individuals with high managerial motivation strive to engage in competitive activities, o behave in an active and aggressive manner, to influence others, and to seek highly visible and distinct positions. Tim and Ms. Robbie compete against one some other by having a cook off to decide the new menu of the Upper Crust and Tim bends the rules to ha ve his dishes approved for the menu. Even though Tim is motivated by the business and continues to try to achieve the goals however his behavior has been an issue in conducting the affairs of the restaurant.According to Dither and Dougherty, Tim may not have had enough opportunity to challenge himself in his work and to advance to a higher position within the restaurant hierarchy. The cognitive and motor aptitudes needed to perform the duties in a restaurant are people skills, proficient mathematical skills, communication skills being team players, cooking abilities and ability to multi-task under pressure being able to perform at minimum level or being proficient will differentiate in the level of pay.The restaurant pay plans are based on a traditional system pay at- risk system which is performance based however the plan is not consistent for the participants fluctuation in pay. The frolic analysis of the work performed requires unskilled workers for the position except or the m anagement positions which are held by the owners at this point. The employment laws are followed in the restaurant based on the opportunities offered to felons and allowing those to have fresh start at adjusting to society and being able to give back to the community.HRS systems are regulated by federal and state laws that relate to employment (e. G. , Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Americans with Disabilities Act), compensation (e. G. , Fair Labor Standards Act, Equal Pay Act), and wear upon relations (e. G. , National Labor Relations Act). (Dither & Dougherty, 2012, peg. 44) The restaurants performance management is based on oral reprimands more so than written performance records done by line supervisors.The workers who hold supervisors position do on-site corrections letting the employees know their infractions immediately. Sweetie Pies need to focus on one of the starting points in the restaurants retention strategy may include evaluat ing further development, retraining or even disciplinary action of one or more managers. (Urbanism,2009) Management needs to pass a system to have a process to give two way communications to managers and to employees who loud give them feedback on the concerns and improvements.Sweetie Pies is a customer-oriented business with them building relationships with their patrons. The key disability practices will benefit Sweetie Pies to have sustained competitive advantage. The financial value of Sweetie Pies would be properly managed by using HRS systems which could contribute to the restaurant and the methodology to show that investing in HRS systems often results in very high rates of return. The process of having a system to review the applicants instead hiring based on trial and error which has happened with hiring felons who were not able to adjust.The cost and revenue streams are then adjusted to take into account the time value of money and the cost of capital (costs and returns are put in present-value terms), variable costs associated with the improvements brought about by making better hiring The HARM practices help to motivate, conform behaviors to meet the culture of the restaurant by Job classification. Rewards, merit increasing, bonuses are used to target behaviors and to enhance the motivation. The labor market for the food service industry is plentiful because of the low wages and unskilled labor which is composed of mostly minorities and women fill these positions.Even though there may be a shortage in knowledge base oriented firms the food service regardless of demographic, age, gender, educational attainment or nationality the restaurant will have applicants. The requirements to work in the restaurant are less than a high school education however Ms. Robbie encourages her employees to finish school. Conclusion In conclusion, the restaurant needs to implement systems that would eventually help to take their brand to the national level. The focus of the paper was to point out key areas those HARM systems that would strategically help to meet the restaurants goals ND objectives.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy

SUMMARY & CRITIQUE OF Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy (by David Callahan)In Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy, author David Callahan explains the fundamental reasons for the decay of simple business ethics in todays economy in fiat to stand underside line standards. Callahan draws conclusions from everyday businesses such(prenominal) as auto mechanic services, law offices, and even professional medical examination firms to prove that people will near always choose financial stability over integrity.The economic life in America has transformed itself into a vast land of professionals focused on achieving lean and mean businesses in efforts to achieve the American Dream, hardly in essence lose sense of their morals. What happens when an employee is living a standard life with a job just bargonly getting them by? Executives at corporate headquarters decide to send down a new set of marching music orders that drill employees with twice as much work for a sharply decreased base pay. Those marching orders have coined the term bottom line standards.American businesses have become highly competitive today in a market that is constantly changing to keep up with a new generation of ideas. These fluctuations in the economy have caused businesses to take different methods of actions to be competitive in the market. In the 1970s Sears reigned as one of Americas swell known retailers and shaped popular culture. As the market of demand became more competitive, Sears earnings began falling off the market. In order to get on the acquit market, Sears had to cut 48,000 jobs and institutionalized a new compensation system (Callahan 31).As Sears set their new bottom-line standards to increase efficiency, it caused uproar from the employees. The demands of the company ultimately undermined the integrity of their workers. The atmospheric pressure to make unpleasant ethical choices at work had employees torn between moral integrity, losing their job, and trying to figure out how to work all this out (Callahan 31). Employees of companies with bottom line standards were faced with a new decision at margin which made doing the right thing harder suffer a pay cut and take a chance losing their job or cheat the customer.Not to our surprise, the employee would almost always choose their economic stability over their integrity. It is still not easy to say that the employees conscious didnt warn them of the risks, the first time. It begins with just a simple upgrade tune up and then trickles to $1,000 in new auto parts. If we facial gesture back at the Sears auto mechanic example, a mechanic could easily convince the customer that their car needed a self-colored new system because of the customers lack of knowledge of the subject. The customer automatically assumes there is a guaranteed trust commitment to their service, but in mature gets fooled.The evidence unearthed by investigators give nearly identical reports of cheater at one Sears auto repair shop after another. The art of deception play a key role in fooling customers. The ordinary people at the New York City law firms were bound by an oath to endure a rigorous code of ethics (Callahan 33). Though these lawyers dealt with legal affairs of Americas largest companies, they were faced with not meeting year end bang requirements. In the most desperate cases of being downsized, lawyers turned to padding their hours by simply making up the numbers.They rounded up their hours and added in miscellaneous hours which was expound as the new math (Callahan 39). Let me tell you how you will trigger acting unethicallyOne day, not too long after you start practicing law, you will sit down at the end of a long, tiring day, and you just wont have much to show for your efforts in term of billable hoursso what youll do is pad your time sheet just a bitHowever you will promise yourself that you will repay the client at the first opportunity by doing thirty minutes for the client for f ree. In this way, you will be borrowin, not stealing, (Schlitz qtd. in Callahan 39). Commitments to meeting bottom line standards and avaritia have become directions of undermining integrity of even the most trusted profession medical doctors. Medical professionals begin engaging in multilevel marketing companies such as the Wellness International Network (WIN), which dictate distributors to sell their companys product at any extent. By earning money off of new distributors, this multilevel marketing became a pyramid scheme for destruction. Report peg the sale of health supplements by doctors at nearly $200 million in 2001, a tenf superannuated increase from 1997. An estimated 20,000 doctors are now selling supplements from their offices, more than double the number of five years ago (Callahan 49). These sorts of insider trading inwardly their offices go against the American Medical Association guidelines that doctors must ensure that the claims supporting any products they sell t o patients are scientifically valid and backed up by compeer reviewed literature and other unbiased scientific sources (Callahan 49).They clearly prohibit the exchange of medical equipment, but the profit is too grand for the doctors to pass up. Those in the medical profession argue that they resort to such options to pay for their debt payments and management. Comments such as I was used to following doctors adviceDoctors have the training, so youve got to respect their expertise (Cumminskey qtd. in Callahan 48) prove that doctors hold a high level of respect for their profession, but it diminishes as scandals of deception are released to the public.In Steven Messners and Richard Rosenfelds article A Society Organized for Crime, they explain that peoples behavior towards meeting bottom line standards is to fulfill the American Dream. They state that the American Dream is an political theory that people are socialized to accept the desirability of pursing the goal of material succ ess, and they are encouraged to believe that the changes of the Dream are sufficiently high to discharge a continued commitment to this cultural goal (Messner 6). Generally, success in todays society is defined by monetary and material gains. therefrom people are willing to go at any measure to achieve that success.Both articles explain how crime and delinquency arise from economic dis frame ines that are settled with unethical behavior. The issue at hand is the fact that these issues cannot be solved in conventional ways, but only by working nigh the system to deceive their customers. Callahans article reinforces these popular notions that crime is not always intentional, but a means of getting through small obstacles in life in an unethical matter. These illegal activities begin as small meaningless preconceived activities and then sprout to everyday routines that are accepted within their business community.Callahan also makes us reconsider the power of higher authority figure s that knowingly condone and usually promote this unethical behavior. This takes us back to the old saying, would you jump off a cliff if everyone did? The answer is yes. In all three of the cases, personal issues about cheating were put aside because everyone was doing it. I found these readings really interesting and relevant to the topic of crime and delinquency. Callahan does an excellent job of explaining the effects of bottom lines standards on people and the economy.I completely agree with his survey that choosing economical stability over integrity will get a person closer to the American Dream then losing their job. It poses a moral issue, but in this century you cant live on just integrity. The sad truth is people gain integrity from their monetary and material wealth. I believe Callahan could really expand on this topic by looking further into the psychological standpoint of meeting bottom line standards in order to get a better understanding of what goes through a pers ons mind when deciding to go against their morals.KEY POINTS, ISSUES, AND QUESTIONSDoing the right thing gets harder as the pressure between financial stability and integrity is put on the line.The game of hustling becomes everyday knowledge that moral ethics are completely put aside.The American Dream causes people to act irrationally, but if you really think about it their unethical act stimulate the economy.Question What are the implications of Callahans work for discovering cheating in a bottom line economy?Question What are the psychological aspects of going against morals to deceive people ?

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Achilles Essay

Achilles set the model or heroism in the western world. Do you think Odysseus is a violate model? Why or why not? The two heroes have their different shellistics and contri simplyions to the English Literature. They were known by their every heroism acts, honored with their peck and envied by their enemies. Odysseus was portrayed as a hero by the Hellenic because of his compositiony virtues and, considered as a villainous falsifier by the Romans. (http/wwwwikipwedia. com). He portrayed inconstant characteristics as a hero.Hes known to be cunning and deceitful, tricky and wise. One of the most influential Greek Champions of the Trojan War, a friend of Achilles whom he had convinced to join with Menelaus (King of Spartan) troops in sailing through Troy, and retrieve Helen (mistress of the King) that was abducted by Paris of Troy. Though, he tried to avoid from access since an oracle prophesized that hell be delayed long in returning home if he went, but Palamedes placed his son in front of the work which forced him to go.He became one of the most trusted advisers and counselors. He helped and brought the battle to victory. Just before the war begun, he accompanied Menelaus and Palemedes in an attempt to bring off Helens peaceful return. Menelaus made unpersuasive emotional arguments, but his arguments almost persuaded the Trojan court to hand her over. He was indeed a hero of the Greek because of his strength and intelligence, his irresistible approach towards negotiations of the lands boundaries and properties.On the other hand, Achilles was too a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the great warrior of Homers lliad, which takes for its theme the Wrath of Achilles. (http/www google. com). He was known as the quickest and the most handsome of the heroes assembled against Troy. His great relationship with his friend Patroclus, who wore his weapons the time hes slain by Hector. On the movie Troy, he became more of a hero when he turne d choke and join the war to keep back the woman he set-back held as a captive at the first time they conquered one of the places of Troy.He showed ablaze love with the Troy Princess and tried to keep her when King Menelaus invaded and murdered the King of Troy. Though, he presented a hubristic personality, however, his soft side was revealed by the time he throw in love with the Princess, being a good and trusted friend of Patroclus also. Achilles was invulnerable on all his body except for his heel, and was killed in battle by an arrow to the heel. (The movie is very visible on this part. ) Both Odysseus and Achilles were great, intelligent and peerless warriors.They were also in love when theyre forced to join the war. The first saved his son from placing in front of the plough and the later being so brave that he fear no kings, lived according to his will and desire, and went to save his Princess from danger. And though, Achilles was killed during the war and Odysseus was tr ying to get his armor a focus from Agamemnon. For me, they are just fair of becoming great models to everyone. They are heroes and great models in their own way and right.Achilles EssayAchilles possesses superhuman strength and has a close relationship with the gods he has all the marks of a great warrior, and indeed is proved to be the mightiest man in the Achaean army. At the beginning his mind is calm and collected, he stands up justly for the men around him and shows understanding when confronting Agamemnon, however his deep-seated character flaws constantly hinder his ability to act with nobility and integrity constantly. He cannot control his arrogance or the rage that surges up when his pride is injured.This dislikable attribute of his causes him to abandoned his comrades and even pray that the Trojans will slaughter them, all because he has been insulted at the hands of his commander, Agamemnon. Like most Homeric characters, Achilles does not develop importantly over the cou rse of the epic his state of mind is constantly fluctuating between where his rage is being directed all through the book. Although the death of Patroclus prompts him to undertake reconciliation with Agamemnon, it does not lessen his rage, but instead redirects it toward Hector.The event does not make Achilles a more deliberative or self-reflective character. Though his mind is modify with grief and despair over his friends death, this scarce helps fuel his bloodlust, wrath, and pride that continue to consume his mind throughout the epic. He mercilessly mauls his opponents, their bodies option the river Xanthus, angering the god, which Achilles shamelessly takes no note to. He immorally desecrates the body of Hector, and savagely sacrifices twelve Trojan men at the funeral of Patroclus.He does not relent in this brutality until the final book of the epic, when King Priam, begging for the return of Hectors desecrated corpse, appeals to Achilles memory of his fuss, Peleus. Yet it remains unclear whether a fathers heartbroken pleas really transformed Achilles, or whether this scene merely testifies to Achilles acceptance of the gods words, as he had previously, before Priams arrival, been told by Zeus that his morning and defiling of Hectors body was enough.Achilles has a strong sense of social order that in the beginning, manifests itself in his concern for the disorder in the Achaian camp a deadly plague is destroying the soldiers, and Achilles wants to know the reason why. His king, Agamemnon, will not act, so Achilles decides to act He calls for an assembly of the entire army. In doing this, Achilles upsets the order of protocol all Agamemnon can decide to call an assembly, but Achilles does so to try to return order to the Achaian camp. He succeeds, partially.He finds out why the plague is killing hundreds of Achaian soldiers, but in the process, he creates disorder when it is revealed that Agamemnon is responsible for the deadly plague. Thus, Achilles attempt to return order to the Achaian camp does little, ultimately, to establish order. Apollo lifts the plague, but after Achilles withdraws himself and his troops from the Achaian army, disorder sedate remains among the Achaians. Agamemnon, of course, is as guilty of creating the ensuing disorder as Achilles is, but Achilles involvems petulant and argumentative.He is undermining the little harmony that does exist. In his argument that Agamemnon receives all the scoop war prizes and does nothing to earn them, Achilles forgets the valuable prizes that he has received. His rage even causes him to almost attempt to kill Agamemnon, but the goddess Athena saves him from this deed. It should be noted that Achilles does not leave the Achaian army without sufficient reason Agamemnon demanded to have the maiden Briseis, Achilles war prize, and Achilles saw this act as a parallel to Paris kidnapping of Helen he sees himself in the same position as Menelaos.Consequently, the quarrel bet ween himself and Agamemnon is as righteous to him as is the war against the Trojans. But even after Agamemnon offers to return Briseis, along with numerous other gifts, Achilles remains angry, indicating that one of Achilles major character flaws is his excessive pride. The gifts that Agamemnon offers do not compensate for the public affront, the public insult Achilles believes he has suffered. A concern for gifts, the reader realizes, is far less important to Achilles than his concern for a proper, honored place in the world.After all, Agamemnon had previously given gifts and then taken them back. He could do so again, so the promise of more gifts is possibly an empty promise. This thinker of social status is in keeping with the heroic cypher by which Achilles has lived, but in his isolation, he roll in the hays to question the idea of fighting for glory alone because A man dies still if he has done nothing. The idea developing in Achilles mind is that the concept of home (or family) and the individual are both important to society and to a heroic warrior. (Hektor is the embodiment of this view. Some critics see these ideas slowly developing through Achilles ability to relate to others on a personal basis, as he does with Patroklos, and as he does in his guest-host relationship with the ambassadors from Agamemnon. However, it is only after Patroklos death that these relationships and broader concepts of love begin to become significant for Achilles. Ironically, with the death of Patroklos, Achilles begins to see life and relationships with other people from a mortal point of view, and at the same time, he is drawing ever closer to the divine aspects of love.He has an obligation to avenge Patroklos death, and he realizes his own shortcomings as Patroklos protector. He also sees that his academic session by his ships is a useless weight on the good land, something that is causing the deaths of many Achaian warriors. Unfortunately, however, Achilles is una ble to see that the Achaians feel his withdrawal as keenly as he now feels the loss of Patroklos. It is Achilles anger, whether he is sulking or whether he is violent, this state of mind is paramount throughout most of the epic.Achilles violence closes with the death of Hektor and with Achilles mutilation of Hektors corpse. By now, under Zeus firm hand, the gods have moved from their own state of disorder to order. When the gods see Achilles act without any sense of pity for Hektor or his family, they come back into Zeus all-wise fold of authority. And eventually, through his mother, Thetis, even Achilles is finally persuaded to acquiesce to Zeus will. In the end, Achilles is exhausted. His passions are spent, and he consents to give up Hektors corpse.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Development of Populism in Argentina and Peru during the 20th Century

The paper go out study populism as polity-making achievement astray utilise in the countries of Latin the States throughout the twentieth century. The methods applied and the progress of populism will be investigated on the basis of semipolitical history of two countries genus genus Argentina and Peru. In order to fulfil thorough examination, the paper will narrate the main narrate the main aspects of populism and then compargon and contrast its Argentinean and Peruvian versions. Finally, all the findings of the paper will be summarized and analyzed in the conclusion.The term populism was utilise to describe the politicians who claimed that they represent the gratifys of customary peck as different from those of the omnipotent or rich.1 Populist movements were non sieve-based. Though ideologically they were incoherent, they tried to be inclusive. The draws were in general charismatic and personalistic. The sort of the leadinghip was demonstratively nationalistic, w hich meant that it was based both on native traditions or pseudo traditions of the earth.As a rule, democrats evinced their deep concern for social justice, reform, betterment of the running(a) class, and removing marginalization by integration of impoverished people into society. The class conflict was portrayed as alien. The core of populists promises was making necessary changes without altering the basic nature of society. Populist violateies claimed that they knew all the answers for national problems and those who opposed them were not true patriots of their nation. Populists usually sought alliance with unions and tended to build a centralized state where power was concentrated in the hands of the president.According to Joel Horowitz, populism dominated in political history of Argentina.2 Due to populism modern Argentina has unbridgeable schisms in its todays society, rhetoric and style of its politics. While the process of development, involved major sectors of society a nd attracted the meet of the great unwashed of Argentineans. Populists called themselves the savours of the nation and the opponents of populism were defined as enemies of the people. In this way, politics revolved around movements that won strong allegiances only when excluded their enemies.3 It caused a range of array takeovers, with the subsequent great violence, where both phalanx and civilians were involved.The early stages of modern political system of Argentina and the introductory attempts to implement populist policy can be traced from 1980, when the Radical company made and attempt to overthrow the government. Though this attempt failed, the radicals (Unin Cvica Radical) demonstrated their opposition to the existing political system and called for fair picks. It constituted a serious threat of regeneration in Argentina because the political party was supported by the middle class of society. However, many of the leaders of the radicals were from elite. The Radic al leaders appealed without delay to the working class of Argentina.Hiplito Yrigoyen ( 1852-1933), a son of a woman from the elite and a Basque blacksmith, became the first prominent politician who started his career as a leader of the radicals and obtained popularity by using the methods of populism. He created the mechanism of a modern political party and easily outmaneuvered his fits. He made himself a symbol of the radical party, represented its hopes and developed his leadership into a whole cult of his personality.However, Yrigoyen did not use the methods that characterize a conduct of a modern populist. He infrequently gave voice communication and seldom appeared in public. Hiplito Yrigoyen wrote genuinely little for popular consumption and his written works were difficult to understand. Yrigoyens utterances contained insufficient political philosophy. Also, after proper a president, Yrigoyen did not show a particular interest in any political program, instead, he seem ed to be interested in power itself and its expansion. In addition, Hiplito Yrigoyen did not hunt down using oratory of most populists or the flamboyant gestures. The strong points of his authorship were based on creating jobs and dispensing patronage.Even from its early stages of development populism in Argentina relied on police and police chefs in particular. Under the presidency of Hiplito Yrigoyen, Buenos Aires chiefs of police functioned as key operatives and stifftled exertion conflicts. The here and nowance of police can be brightly illustrated using the example of Elpidio Gonzlezs career path. Gonzlez attempted to achieve the position of vice president, and minister of interior by in stages moving from minister of war, to the level of prospect for governor of Crdoba, one of the most importance provinces, and then to police chief in Buenos Aires. Thus, under the policy of populism, A good police chief was a man for all seasons.4The early populist Hiplito Yrigoyen appe aled to new separates of society and promised changes without altering social profound nature. Yrigoyen was a marginal member of oligarchy and rural elite. As a result, while speaking on class conflict, he continuously attacked the ill-defined rural-based elite and the oligarchy, which attracted support middle and working classes of the country. Also, Hiplito Yrigoyen popularity among common people was strengthened when he started to treat people with low income as the true members of society. Later, in the 1940s, this shape up was used by another charismatic populist leader- Juan Pern.Some populist gestures of Hiplito Yrigoyen were too obvious. Thus, in 1917 when workers went on strike at a meatpacking plant, he refused to institutionalise an interview to the leaders of the cattlemens association Sociedad Rural, which was considered to be most important social and frugal group in Argentina. Such an attitude was noticed by the newspapers, and briefly one of the chief national newspapers publicized an article were it emphasized that the leaders of the cattlemens association were sure not with the same attention as the striking workers of the plant.5While his presidential press, Hiplito Yrigoyen turned to the native-born working class which was rapidly growing at that while. Yrigoyen understood that the working class of Argentina could be a wide potential source of voters. This became possible due to influential ideology of Syndicalism. In 1910 Syndicalism turned into a vigorous labor movement that disdained bourgeois and proclaimed revolution through a general strike. Hiplito Yrigoyen was willing to ally with Syndicalists because they did not have other political ties and would block the growth of Yrigoyens serious rival the Socialist party.The government of Hiplito Yrigoyen did not interfere with the activity of Argentinean Syndicalism and, moreover, made steps to satisfy demands of strikers, for example, to improve their conditions, to employers t o accept the habit the unions in hiring workers. Of course, later the role of Yrigoyen in settling early strikes was stressed by his publicity during the 1927-28 presidential campaign.In 1930 the most celebrated wave of populism flooded Argentina. Argentinean government that ruled from the period of 1932-1943 mainly belonged to neoconservatives, who included the members of traditional worldly concerned elite and tried to keep up a pretense of democracy. The exigencies of the Great Depression forced the implementation of the policy of import substitution industrialization that prompted rapid expansion of Argentinean urban working class. From 1932 to 1943 quick urbanization and industrialization in Argentina alienated the expanded already working class from the rest of society, and this process prepared the ground for the social crisis. The military takeover changed the event radically by giving the power to the military group and their leader Col. Juan Domingo Pern ( 1891-1974).Co l. Juan Domingo Pern became the next major populist leader in Argentina. According to the article Populism and Its Legacies in Argentina authored by Joel Horowitz, Peron can be described as a tall, commanding figure and a powerful speaker, had the ability to charm people and win them to his side. He was one of those rare politicians imbued with veridical charisma.6 He, the likes of his predecessor Hiplito Yrigoyen, also turned to working class, though strengthened his power with the care of the force. In late 1943 Pern was appointed to run through the position of vice president and minister of war. In October Pern already became head of the internal Department of Labor, which served as a platform the implementation of his approaches to labor, riding horse contacts with unions and winning over the hearts and minds the working class of Argentina.The policy of Col. Juan Domingo Pern had two directions first, Pern favored and assisted many units to accomplish the major part of the ir long-sought goals second, he started repression against uncooperative organizations. As a result of a pro-labor direction, the government enforced labor laws, such(prenominal) important ones as making contracts with workers, for the first time in the history of Argentina. It balanced the powers of capital and labor in the country, increased wages and improved the organization of unions.On the other hand, Peron fought his rivals by using repression, which made his politics completely authoritarian. The leaders of Socialists and communistics had to live under the constant threat of being arrested. In order to survive, other political forces, for example, the Communist party, had to go underground. The rivalry with Communist unions was supported by the government, which also prohibited cooperation with them. As a result, such important unions as textiles, meatpacking, and the metal trades were destroyed.Peron personally appealed to unions. His charisma always helped his to achiev e a desired effect. Peron stressed the importance of the unions while speaking to them I come to the house of the railroaders as if it were my own. I profess a profound gratitude to them, because I am convinced that many of the advantagees of the Secretariat . . . are due precisely to the railroad workers.7 In his speech, Peron presented himself as one of the workers, as their equal, and frequently emphasized how he cared nigh them. This approach was successful, since workers had been socially and politically isolated by the previous regime.Still, according to Horowitz, Peron ca not be viewed as a dictator. He was truly a populist, and the methods of repression can be explained by his desire to expand his bases of support.8 An important reason of why Peron achieved enormous popularity in his country, as Horowitz states, was the fast sparingal growth. It was estimated that during the first historic period of Perons presidency, hourly wages grew 25 percent more, and in 1947 incre ased almost at the same rate. The percentage of national income that was going to workers also went up 25 percent. However, some sectors, for example, agriculture, did not benefit from the populism of Peron. Agriculture was squeezed for the sake of the urban sectors, the economy of which showed the highest rates of growth in 1946 and 1947. Nevertheless, in 1948 the economy of Argentina started to deteriorate.Perons populism improved political and social status of women in the country. In 1947 women of Argentina received the right to vote due to the activity of Perons wife Evita. Evita initiated the campaign for womens suffrage. She also created a separate Peronist womans party in Argentina, the leader of which she soon became. Womens branches stretched across and soon captured the whole country. This was one more factor that further popularization of Peron in Argentina, for When Pern ran for reelection in 1951, he received a much higher percentage of votes from women than from men .9Among other things, populism in Argentina was established on media. Peron managed to set a cultural hegemony that revised Argentinas vision of itself. Bearing in mind political influence of media, cultural hegemony was highly important although very difficult, since the movement of populism did not have any consistent ideology. Rituals were reformed and gained a Peronized meaning, for example, the celebration of May Day became an important national holiday to emphasize the benefits of hard labor and the role of the working class. Generally, all the holidays were invented to provide the idea of harmony and prosperity that existed under Pern. School curricula focused on Catholic values. Many provinces and cities in Argentina were named after Pern. Monuments to the charismatic leader were erected all over the country.Like in Argentina in 1930, the need to install a new regime in Peru was evoked by the situation brightly characterized by Steve Stein in The Paths to populism in Peru Th e old regime could no longer respond to the powerful social and economic changes brought on by urbanization after World War I. This was especially true in and around the capital of Lima. The old political elite was morally and politically bankrupt.10 merely unlike the movement in Argentina, populism of the thirties in Peru consisted of two competing with each other populist movements the party of Luis M. Snchez Cerro and Vctor Ral Haya de la Torre who was the leader of the APRA party.The period of the thirties was marked in Peru with significant growth of the working classes political activity. This situation differs from that of Argentina. Though the working class of Argentina also increased in number in the same period, it suffered greatly from political and social isolation. The working classes of Peru were more active working-class mobs represent demonstrations and rioting that destroyed his residence and those of some prominent supporters. During subsequent months the workin g classes dominated the urban political scene.11 Also, unlike the experience of populism in Argentina, Perus first notable steps in this policy and the first prominent populist leaders appeared only in 1930, which was much later than in Argentina.Like the political situation of Argentina in 1930, populism of Peru came to power due to political crisis. However, the crisis of Peru was much deeper, that even the further existence of the nation was doubted. One of Peruvian generals described the climate of despondency and fear that intensified with the fall of Repblica Aristocrtica Although it is painful for us to confirm it, unfortunately it appears as if a streak of ignorance, of madness, has invaded us, wresting from us our most innermost feelings of nationality.12 cautious politician Vctor Andrs Belande deplored that the very bases of civilized life threaten to disappear.13 All these words referred to crisis, collapse and the pastime political vacuum, which occurred due to the fa ll of the elite-controlled political system of Repblica Aristocrtica that had been in power since 1895.The two populist movements Snchezcerrismo and Aprismo (APRA) were headed by Snchez Cerro and Haya de la Torre and came to Peruvian government through elections in 1931, which was a more civilized way in comparison with that of Perons. Mainly, the movements did not differ from each other. They both were vertical, patrimonial, with the relationships which were built on loyalty between leaders and their followers. The members of the parties were true from all the levels of society, which also contrasts with an anti-bourgeoisie, anti-elite and anti-oligarchic character of Argentinean populism.However, unlike that of Snchezcerrismo, the vertical structure of ARPA was based on strong ties between some social groups the head of the party and unions, professional or employee associations. The leader of Snchezcerrismo, Snchez Cerro, on the other hand, tried to avoid any references to recog nized social l or air categories, stressing on principle of one-to-one commitment to each member of the party.Snchez Cerro, like Peron, also understood the importance of the working class and tried to take a pretense of friendship with common people. Luis M. Snchez Cerro used his ethnic identity of a dark-skinned mestizo to show that he had common origins with masses. Since historically racialism had a strong impact on political, social, and economic relations in Peru, Cerros image of the racial outsider became a powerful tool for gaining more support of the working-class. One of Cerros working-class followers once said He was of our race, and because of that all us working people supported him.14The image of the cholo candidate brought another advantage to Snchez Cerro. The masses identification with the friend of common people became persuasive for the theme of his campaign everyone could approach Cerro and personally ask to help or to do an individual favor. As a result, poor v oters and supporters flooded Snchez Cerros campaign headquarters. The availability of Snchez created the notion that he was big and willing to help everybody. Cerro patted his poor supplicants on the back, sometimes gave them money from the pocket or an article of clothing. Cerro spoke to his followers in simple language and used familiar forms tu, saying Toma hijo, toma hija. Hijito, hijita, s, ya vamos a ver (Take this son, take that daughter. My little son, my little daughter, yes, well look into that).15At the same time, Haya de la Torre adopted the role of the father of the workers. When the campaign for the 1931 election started, la Torre became cognize as the father of APRA. As a result, his children were growing in numbers, as Stain put it, far beyond a elegant group of union leaders, and high stakes were to be won in the election.16 The image of father taken by la Torre matched his contagious smile, personal warmth, and largely pleasing disposition. During his person-t o-person conversations Haya revolved around daily problems of his voters, and always showed his sympathetic understanding and his readiness to help with pertinent advice.Even the enemies of Haya de la Torre could not help but envy Hayas skills of physical expression. Eudocio Ravines, leader of communists once remarked He possessed an ingenious and friendly loquacity that gave people the physical sensation of being loved, set apart individually from among the rest. He was acute at discovering and focusing on the immediate and small problems of the people and treating them with a captivating friendliness, verbally showing interest in them.17In 1930-1931 real or imagined access to the populist leaders in Peru attracted poor people to them who sought treasureion of the politicians from adversary and crisis. The Great Depression became such a crisis that worsened the condition of the poor. On the background of the deepening impoverishment of the workers, populist leaders Snchez Cerro an d Haya de la Torre were seen as generous figures who could help and protect them. So, as historians concluded, far from radicalizing the Peruvian working classes, the depression drew them toward populist alternatives as the most faithful political embodiment of patrimonial social relations.18After the military had cut short the populism of Haya de la Torre and Snchez Cerro by suppressing their movements, the overtones of populism were present in later campaigns and political movements. The next eight years were governed by Odra, whose political style strongly resembled that of Snchez Cerro. Odria concentrated his attention on the rural poor that streamed into the capital in order to find jobs and charity. The president decided to develop a chain of political charities to become popular among the impoverished people of the city. Presidents wife Mara Delgado de Odra frequently but very effectively paid visits to the slums, gifting poor with money and food, which soon was highly public ized. However, Maras actions were disdained by the elite who claimed that they were just blatant imitations of Eva Pern.Odria showed paternalistic approach in his policy when he ordered legalization and formation of squatter settlements of the growing lower-class population in Lima. Consequently, an impressive number of popular masses paid homage to president and his wife. The largest plazas of Lima became the places of pro-government demonstrations. In this case the respect the poor can be regarded as their payback the man who understood and do by benevolently their needs. This positively characterizes populism both in Argentina and Peru, because, in spite of the fact that the initial reasons of the politicians were quite pragmatic, the disadvantaged and the most impoverished of the country received warmth and saw the kindness which, probably, gave them hope for better life.The next populist in Peru Belande evidenced his friendship with nation through the foundation of the Nationa l antecedent of Democratic Youth (FNJD). The supporters of Belande, unlike the campaigns of the previous politicians who turned to lower circles of society, were among professionals students, and intellectuals. In addition, the hallmark of Belande was dramatic symbolism, used in word and in action. Once, when the demonstration in his support was met by the police, ready to disperse the participants, he bravely tried to withstand the armed forces. Later it matched the symbolism of Belandes first message during the campaign in 1956 Youth That is the battle cry of the political campaign I have been invited to embark upon. . . . If I am needed in the moment of conflict, they will find me at their side, sharing their fervor and living their hopes with them.19Nevertheless, when Belande won the elections, his government showed reluctance to fulfill rhetoric and high-flown promises. For example, Belande declared that all the lands would be unnatural by the new agrarian reform project. Ins tead, he exempted properties needed to make industrial transformation of agricultural products. It resulted into the situation when all the valuable and significant land such as coastal sugar or cotton plantations was not available for the purposes of the redistribution program. Ultimately, the gap between words and actions disillusioned the masses and led to the ruin of his populist policy. In 1969 Belande was overthrown by military forces and the new Revolutionary government was installed in Peru.In general, paternalism and comforting of populist political leaders have always worked like societal narcotic in Argentina and Peru. Quite a paradoxical situation could be observed when the poor and desperate continue to vote for populist leaders whose democratic credentials are suspect. Later the populist policies of these leaders will hurt the very groups that vaulted them into office. In Peru Alan Garca who wonderfully articulated his nationalist and anti-imperialist views caused the crisis of Perus economy. During Garcias five years of presidency from 1985-1990, Perus economy achieved the highest inflation levels of the history of the country. Due to the policy of Garcia, millions of Peruvians were impoverished millions moved from pauperization into extreme level of poverty. Thus, populism of Alan Garca promised Peru greatness but in reality ran the country into poverty, high inflation and even more misery.A key legacy of populism was in leadership style. The leader, irrespective whether he was in power or stayed abroad in exile, dominated his party. There could be internal struggles or conflicts within the party, but once they were settled by the leader, this became an unchangeable rule for the rest of the members. For example, in Peronist Party the role of caudillo was played by two men Juan Pern and Carlos Menem. in spite of appearance the Radical Party, on the other hand, every leader retained his style and continued to dominate even when his popularity faded. Thus, the authority and strong positions were preserved by the following members of the Radical party Hiplito Yrigoyen, Marcelo T. de Alvear, Ricardo Balbn and Ral Alfonsn. Even when the parties modernized their politics and adopted such attributes as conventions, the domination of their strong-willed leaders continued.The common tendency that populist leaders relied on support of army inevitably led to the expansion of the political role of the military in Peru to a higher rate than in Argentina. As it has been already shown in the paper, Peruvian armed forces were involved in most of political conflicts, which evidenced the removal of the army from its normal professional responsibilities. This tendency was not abandoned by neo populists, for instance, Fujimori used military support in his presidential coup to ensure success of it. In addition, Fujimoris shadowy intelligence advisor implemented his considerable behind-the-scenes power while the presidential campaign. Thus, populism prompted the process of politicization of army. Dr. Kenneth Roberts in his work Populism and commonwealth in Latin the States pointed out that A politicized military is necessarily a political actor that will be sought out by potential civilian allies and tempted to intervene on behalf of its own institutional or political interests.20Thus, the main points of development of populism in Argentina and Peru can be summed up, compared and contrasted in the following way1. Populism was first used as a policy to gain support in Argentina.2. Populism has been bipartisan.3. Populism has existed in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. In the case of Argentina the ruling of Juan Peron in the mid of twentieth century was undemocratic, while Perus leader Alan Garcia in the 1980s attempted to tolerate out populist policy together with the democracy4. Commonly, populism was implemented by ambitious leaders to succeed in their political careers.5. In both Argentina and Peru popul ism was successfully carried out by charismatic individuals who managed to appeal directly to the mass groups, for example, labor unions, the poor, and mobilize their political participation.6. In both the countries the leaders who started the policy of populism promised to defend the interests of the common people by giving them jobs. In return, the masses support the leaders with their votes and social mobilization. In other words, promises, rhetoric comfort and pompous words are the tools of populists for capturing trust and votes of the masses. As Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra, the Ecuadorian populist put it Give me a balcony and the people are mine.21 As a rule, lofty promises of populism rarely come true, hurting by this most of the people that it claimed to represent.7. governmental careers of individual leaders built on populism always progress at the expense of economic growth of the country. Political leaders while fulfilling their lofty promised services roughly intrude into e conomic processes by implementing for example, expansionary monetary or fiscal policies, to produce an economic miracle for a short period of time. Ultimately, artificially created fast progress and breaking basic economic principles and laws lead to economic collapse. Thus, the ambitions of populists always rebuff the well known truth that there is no free lunch.8. On the other hand, it would be wrong to conclude that populist governments always failed to manage economics. In the 1990s Argentine president Carlos Menems attempted to create a free market miracle that totally eliminated the hyperinflation in the countrys for a short period of time. But Carlos Menems miracle was grounded on the unsustainable accumulation of public debt, which in 2001 sent Argentinas economy into a new depression.9. In both Argentina and Peru military forces were involved into political conflicts, but Peruvian populism caused politicization of army.10. Peron in Argentina was the first to use media as on e more force of propaganda of populist ideology.11. Methods and political styles of leadership varied in Argentina and Peru and improved with the progress of the movement. However, Argentinean Hiplito Yrigoyen built the mechanism of populism at the beginning of the century. Also, some gestures and approaches used in one country were repeated or imitated in the other, for example, the charity of Evita and Mara Delgado de Odra, ect.Bibliography1. Auguero, Felipe and Jeffrey Stark, eds. 1998. Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America (MiamiUniversity of Miami North-South Center Press).2. Bamrud J. Contesting the Washington Consensus. The Latin fear Chronicle. Worldpress.org. February 25, 2002 http//www.worldpress.org/Americas/379.cfm (26 Nov 2005)3. Cardoso, Fernando Henrique and Enzo Faletto. 1979. Dependency and Development in Latin America (BerkeleyUniversity of California Press.4. Carol Wise, Reinventing the State Economic Strategy and Institutional Change in Peru, forthcoming. Chap.6 NEOLIBERALISM AND STATE reconstruction 2001 (26 Nov 2005)5. Chalmers, Douglas A., Scott B. Martin, and Kerianne Piester. 1997. Associative Networks current Structures ofRepresentation for the Popular Sectors?, in Douglas A. Chalmers, Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite, Scott B.Martin, Kerianne Piester, and Monique Segarra, eds. The New Politics of Inequality in Latin AmericaRethinking Participation and Representation (Oxford Oxford University Press).6. Collier and Collier. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena Critical Junctures, the Labor feat, and Regime Dynamicsin Latin America (Princeton Princeton University Press).7. Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa, AL. 1999.,8. Conniff, Michael L., ed. 1982. Latin American Populism in Comparative Perspective (Albuquerque, NM Universityof New Mexico Press).9. Crandall R. Latin Americas Populist Temptation. In the national interest. The National Interest, The Nixon Center. (2 6 Nov 2005)10. De la Torre, Carlos. 2000. Populist Seduction in Latin America The Ecuadorian Experience (Athens, OH OhioUniversity Center for multinational Studies).11. Dornbush, Rudiger and Sebastian Edwards, eds. 1991. The Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America ( lettuceUniversity of Chicago Press).12. Drake, Paul. 1982. Conclusion Requiem for Populism?, in Michael L. Conniff, ed. Latin American Populism inComparative Perspective (Albuquerque, NM University of New Mexico Press).. 1991.13. Drake, Paul. 1982. Comment, in Rudiger Dornbusch and Sebastian Edwards, eds. The Macroeconomics of Populism inLatin America (Chicago University of Chicago Press).14. Geddes, Barbara. 1994. Politicians Dilemma Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley University ofCalifornia Press).15. Hagopian, Frances. 1998 Democracy and Political Representation in Latin America in the 1990s Pause,Reorganization, or Decline?, in Felipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark, eds. Fault Lines of Democracy in Pos t-Transition Latin America (Miami University of Miami North-South Center Press).16. Hochstetler, Kathryn. 1997. The Evolution of the Brazilian Environmental Movement and Its Political Roles, inDouglas A. Chalmers, Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite, Scott B. Martin, Kerianne Piester, and MoniqueSegarra, eds. The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America Rethinking Participation and Representation(Oxford Oxford University Press).17. Kay, Bruce H. (1996). Fujipopulism and the Liberal State in Peru, 1990-1995, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 38, 4 55-98.18. Keck, Margaret E. and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders Advocacy Networks in InternationalPolitics (Ithaca, NY Cornell University Pres).19. Knight, Alan. 1998. Populism and Neopopulism in Latin America, Especially Mexico. Journal of Latin AmericanStudies 30, 2 (May) 223-248.20. Levitsky, Steven. 1998. Crisis, Party Adaptation and Regime Stability in Argentina The Case of Peronism, 1989-1995. Party Pol itics 4, 4 445-470.21. Lynch, Nicols. 1999. Neopopulismo, Un Concepto Vaco. Socialismo y Participacin 86 (December) 63-80.22. Mackinnon, Mara Moira and Mario Alberto Petrone, eds. 1998. Populismo y Neopopulismo en Amrica Latina elProblema de la Cenicienta (Buenos Aires Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires).23. Mair, Peter. 1997. Party System Change Approaches and Interpretations (Oxford Clarendon Press).24. McGuire, James W. 1997. Peronism without Pern Unions, Parties, and Democracy in Argentina (Stanford, Cal.Stanford University Press).25. Roberts K. Populism and Democracy in Latin America,World Politics 48, 1 (October) 82-116. p.161 Bamrud J. Contesting the Washington Consensus. The Latin work Chronicle. Worldpress.org. February 25, 2002 http//www.worldpress.org/Americas/379.cfm (26 Nov 2005) 2 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America Joel Horowitz, Populism and Its Legacies in Argentina, University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa, AL. 1999., p. 22 3 Conniff Michael L., Pop ulism in Latin America, p. 22 4 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 25 5 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 25 6 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 29 7 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 31 8 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 34 9 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p. 36 10 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America Stein S. The Paths to Populism in Peru, University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa, AL. 1999., p. 97 11 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.98 12 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.98 13 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.98 14 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.100 15 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.100 16 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.101 17 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.102 18 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin America, p.106 19 Conniff Michael L., Populism in Latin Amer ica, p.107 20 Roberts K. Populism and Democracy in Latin America, p.16 21 Crandall R. Latin Americas Populist Temptation. In the national interest. The National Interest, The Nixon Center. (26 Nov 2005)

Monday, May 20, 2019

Gossamer Book Report

Gossamer secret plan Gossamer begins with the protagonist, Littlest being taught how to give people dreams by her instructor Fastidious. Littlests childish and playful disposition annoys Fastidious greatly. At their home, the Heap, Fastidious complains about her student to Most Ancient, who is the leader. Most Ancient and Fastidious square up that subjugate senior will become Littlests mentor. Littlest is die of a small colony of dream-givers. by exciteing, they gather fragments such as colors, words, sounds, and scents. They then combine the fragments to become dreams, and give the dreams to humans, and sometimes pets.The giving of dreams is called the bestowal. Thin Elderly explains to be gentle in the touching and not to touch too deeply, because a dream-giver who picks up bad fragments of a memory becomes a Sinisteed, a horse-like creature who inflicts nightmares. Thin Elderly gladly discovers that Littlest has the lucid touch, the ability to gather and bestow gently. An elderly woman and her dog Toby live in the house Littlest and Thin Elderly are assigned to. The woman decides that she is going to take an eight-year-old boy named thaumaturgy into her household. The social workers describe him as angry. Another dreamgiver, Strapping, is assinged to give dreams to the boys mother. She was an in advertiseigent woman, but was forbidden to participate in social and intellectual events by Duane, her abusive ex husband. arse was taken away from her because it was not a good environment for a child. When joke arrives at the womans home, he acts violent and angry. The woman acts kind and tries to be understanding. At the dream-givers Heap, Most Ancient reports that the Sinisteeds are gathering, intent on a particular victim. That night, Littlest and Thin Elderly hear a Sinisteed enter through the walls of the house. It inflicts John with a nightmare.He cries out in his sleep, and the woman calms him by reminding him of a happy memory. after, Littlest an d Thin Elderly gather comforting fragments to help strengthen him after the nightmare. During the day, asss mother talks on the phone, asking to have a receptionists job and salary. She tells the listener to tell her son that he will be back home soon that she loved him and that she dreamed of him finale night. H That night, Littlest decides she must touch the dog, trying to get fragments from him. Thin Elderly protests, because they arent supposed to touch living creatures, but allows her to do so.Littlest notices how attatched John was to a pink seashell, to Toby, and to a chrysalis he had found.. She gathers fragments from Toby, and bestows them as part of a dream. Thin Elderly is proud of Littlests bestowal, because John is happy in his dreams. Littlest explains that the fragments she collected had a endorsement of a story in each one, which she put together in her mind. Johns mother begins working a school. She reflects on how bad her old life was for her son, John, because of Duane. She has hope now of making friends, which Duane had not allowed her to do. Strapping is at rest with his work.Strapping discovers he has a liking and a hope for the woman. Accordingly he gives her dreams of hope, and of a future with her son. John tells a story to the woman about a young boy who ate dog food, because he had been ordered to by his stimulate, who had seen the boy run naked through the house and pee on the floor. The father had accused the son of acting like a dog, and gave him dog food for all his meals. The woman realizes that John is telling a story about himself, explaining his past abuse. T That night, Littlest and Thin Elderly discover that a Horde of Sinisteeds are going to give nightmares to John and the woman.They respond by bestowing strengthening dreams. They are close to killed in the stampede of the Horde. That is the storys climax. John begins school, and has become a much happier child. Littlest is attached a medal for her work. She is told that she is to be reassigned. She wishes to remain assigned to John, whom she has come to love and cherish, but is told that dream-givers are not allowed to feel human emotions. Littlest Ones recognise with the boy has helped her grow more mature, and as a result she is given the name Gossamer and given a new dream-giver, New Littlest One, to train.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Oh Mary Don’t You Cry Any More Essay

The short allegory by Fay Weldon is about a small family of three, the mother Shirley and her daughters Gracey and Lisa, their life on the small island Tasmania and it is about their taste to achieve happiness.*In the beginning of the bosh we learn, that the girls Gracey and Lisa doesnt wear shoes or even novel clothes, because their mother believes, that their feet will grow better without shoes confining them, and that they shouldnt spend their money on impudent clothes, as the well-worn clothes raise it of the girls sensibly bodies.We learn that Gracey is the prettier and elder one of the ii girls.The family doesnt hand a lot of money, as the girls father has left them to start a wise life on the chief(prenominal)land. He in the long run had finally had enough when Shirley cheated on him. He had been the familys main income, as Shirley doesnt work.The father, having started a new family on the mainland, doesnt visit much nor is he magnanimous in paying alimony.When th e girls dont conduct a father figure, it is Shirleys responsibility to press the girls. Shirley wants to raise them to be optimistic and she tries to make sure, that they dont suffer from her mistakes, in regard to their pa.Shirley feels that Tasmania is paradise and that it will always protect her and the girls, barely Gracey is skeptic shes seen how hard and inhumane the pretty island can be.Graceys guitar and dance lessons, is something Shirley can scrape money together for, but the family doesnt have a freezer or a car, and their house was full of gabs and holes being left unfixed.As season goes on, Shirley gets older and so does her friends, while they have rich husbands and sophisticated lives, Shirley keeps on being free-spirited and sort of apart(p) in her glory days, where everyone was free. Shirley is and will always be a hippie.Money from the girls estranged father comes hardly a(prenominal) and far in between, Shirley still doesnt have a job, so the state steps in . Shirley consequently tells the girls, that the universe is kind and helpful, she tells them to work hard, so that they can have the opportunity to help others in the future.So Lisa starts studying hard and Gracey works hard with her dance and guitar, so that time and money isnt wasted.Shirley has a one night stand with her best friends husband, and is, after all the awkwardness has subsided, come together out of the society. Shirley tells her girls, that they should see life as love, touching and closeness, and that sex is a part of life and nonentity to be ashamed of.Gracey is a good singer and Shirley makes it a point to show her of, to everyone in Hobart, by hosting a simple Sunday brunch, which means vegetable soup, bacon and beans. Gracey suspects a pattern or perhaps more(prenominal) of a schedule, which the community seems to have made, so that they know when to show up. And only the wives came, as the men ar busy people.Gracey gets a lot of praise, but her younger si ster Lisa doesnt seem jealous, she just keeps on struggling with piano lessons, so that she will be able to fit in with Shirleys guitar and Graceys voice. The folk song they play fit Graceys voice, as they are pure, full of hope, life and love, but with an underlying hint of melancholy.Gracey is suddenly on the edge between childhood and adolescence, she is in a open state and Shirley suddenly worries about boys and whether there is anyone good enough for her daughter.Shirley also feels, that shes taught her girls to be independent to go after what they want.As autumn comes, so does a growth spurt Graceys feet and they go from a size 5 to a 7.Autumns golden leaves are expected to blow around the island, with the powerfulness of the Roaring Forties, soon.There is an end-of-term cabaret on the school, and an official from the mainland is going to there. Shirley sees it as the perfect chance for Gracey to show her talent. The four different costumes wouldnt be difficult Shirley c an just make them herself. The four different shoes, however is another story absolutely because of Graceys very new size means new shoes and new shoes mean spending money, which Shirley doesnt have.Shirley and Lisa cries, but once again it is Gracey, who is valiant and realistic, as she tries to comfort her mother and sister. Shirley gets the idea that they should work for the money, at the Hobart Marked.Shirley plays her guitar, Gracey sings and Lisa held the sheets. They play the song Oh, Mary have ont You Cry Any More. Graceys young voice doesnt have any power against the wind just as charming and miraculous as it was I the family room, just as shrill and noiseless is it on the street. Nobody can hear her, but even if they could they just crack on by, embarrassed or appalled by their weak performance.The cold hard winter winds arrives and shoots slew their already weak performance, but doing so saves Gracey by forcing the words of their sad song back into her mouth, and she finally gets to cry.Shirley being the optimistic person she is tells the girls, that they could have done it if not for the wind, but Gracey is fully aware of how incorrect her mother is.*As we read Shirley was a hippie and her way of looking at things was a microprocessor chip too optimistic, like shes being too happy so that she wont have to face things. And thats where I think we should find the theme of this story around Shirley, as she is what this story revolves around her and her daughters, not her daughters and her. I think the theme is Broken Dreams and I think that because of Shirleys entire view on the world is a dream, a dream she tries to get her daughters to see too. And I think, that possibly what is really important in this story is, that if Shirley had stopped trying to find the perfect happiness, then maybe she could have ended the story being happy with her girls.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Learning Styles and Theories Essay

There are quaternate attainment styles and theories that hire to individuals in multiple ways. The VARK training style that my analysis revealed is read/write match to the questionnaire by Fleming (2001-2014). This categorization of my learning style compliments me well and I definitely agree that real seeing the information spelled out in front of me allows me to better understand the information. The two learning theories that touch to my VARK learning style are conductism and constructivism. Behaviorism focusing on a clear culture with an automatic response and constructivism affording me the efficiency to problem solve. Being an andragogical learner Im able to sacrifice what Ive learned during my pedagogical phase to my educational begins. Lets take a enveloping(prenominal) look at what mannerism entails.Behaviorism focuses on the observable changes in behavior. Moreover, its the act of doing something parvenu several times until its second nature. A prime example is while completing school assignment the instructor provides continuous positive documentation depending upon the grade the student will constantly modify their behavior until they receive positive reinforcement. According to Watson (n.d.) behaviouristic psychologys goal is to explain relationships between precedent conditions (stimuli), behavior (responses), and consequences (reward, punishment, or neutral effect). Without the positive reinforcement the learned responses that the student exhibits will diminish. My VARK learning style relates to behaviorism by me receiving positive reinforcement through written praise additionally, with good grades I will keep open performing at the same level. Once Ive developed an understanding of how a task needfully to be accomplished I will tailor my actions towards that behavior to continue to receive that positive reinforcement and it becomes second nature. Along with observable changes in behavior, one-step further looks into constructivi sm and its aim on brain- ground learning.Constructivism relies on what the learner already knows and the understanding of the subject at hand. Moreover, building new ideas or concepts are based upon current knowledge and past experiences and amplifies when actively engaged. According to Brunner (n.d.) the three stages ofintellectual development are enactive, iconic, and symbolic. Enactive is learning through actions on physical objects and the outcomes, iconic learning is through models and pictures, and lastly symbolic learning is the ability to think in abstract terms (Brunner, n.d.).Constructivism relates to my VARK learning style in the aspect that learning is current and by reading and writing Im constantly improving my skills and perception. There can be multiple interpretations of an excerpt of literature, therefore by having someone facilitate the learning process with the knowledge of my baseline understanding of the topic at hand that person can build upon it. Thus, my V ARK learning style suggests I write out words repeatedly or read them to myself, which goes along with reviewing information multiple times, and learning takes time according to the principles of constructivism.As an adult learner my identified VARK learning style affects my educational interest positively. Falling into andragogical learning realm I have more experiences and therefore I can apply those experiences while learning. Adult learners take on the responsibility to be self-directed, and have a wealth of experience that enables them to transform information into meaningful cognitive and reality-based applications (Minter, 2011, p. 9). In retrospect the pedagogical concept requires the instructor to be more directive, placing students in a more passive role, and that students dont have the motivation or maturity to be self-directed learners (Minter, 2011, p. 9). Applying active learning concepts such as reading and writing allows me to actively be categorized under the andra gogical concept. Moreover, by writing and speaking the words to myself and reflecting to solve problems Im practicing the concept of self-directed and problem-centered aspects of andragogical learning. Therefore, I will be able to apply my VARK learning style to fulfil my educational endeavors and continue on my racetrack of success.The three learning theories of Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism can be applied to each of the four learning styles (visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic). I feel that we cannot generalize that a student will be classified solely under one learning style, they will adapt and apply what is more confiscate given the information or circumstances.The learning theory used depends upon the learning situation. Being identified as an andragogical learner Im able to apply life experiences, need to know, relevance of the subject military issue and how it applies to me, and use my motivation to further my educational goals with the guidance of instructors that are more like facilitators. Malcolm Knowles paved the path for educators and students alike that entail specific learning principles to enable learners to thrive educationally and without his significant contribution who knows where we would be today.ReferencesBruner, J. (n.d.). Constructivism & Discovery Learning. Retrieved from http//www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/bruner.html Fleming, N. D. (2001-2014). Retrieved from http//www.vark-learn.com/english/index.asp Minter, R. (2011). The Learning Theory Jungle. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 8(6), 9. Watson, J. B. (n.d.). Behaviorism. Retrieved from http//www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Watson.html