POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET Essay - 2

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET - Essay Example Total Economic Integration when monetary, fiscal, social and macroeconomic policy are entirely unified and a supra-national authority exists, whose decisions are binding for all member states (Laffan et al., 1999). The economic nature of this union determined its integration in the field of economy to an extent the European founding fathers never imagined; however, the ongoing process of EU enlargement provoked many controversies and problems related to the core nature of integration within the EU and the subsequent process of further expansion of the union. Two consecutive waves of enlargement after the 1990s led to visible economic, political and social problems and since then ’European integration was accompanied by increasing levels of Euroscepticism among European voters’ (Richardson, 2006). Without the present deep economic integration, the EU would have never emerged as a leading global player and economic power on par with the United States. On the other hand, p roblems related to its aggressive expansion in the past two decades leave many question marks about the future of the union’s economic and political integration and the ways this integration will be pursued. A key element in this process will be the convergence between the new member states and the old, and the richest, ones due to the significant income gap between them and this convergence could occur only ’in the presence of certain key growth factors and supporting policies’ as Andre Sapir (2005) wrote in his foreword to Economics and Policies of an Enlarged Europe. Both theory and practice suggest that there was no other way of development for the EU but to pursue deep economic integration in order to establish a strong and viable union, its roots being in the European Coal and Steel Community created with the Treaty of Paris in 1951 by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands – a purely economic alliance. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome gave birth to the

Film versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Film versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay My aim of this essay is to compare the two versions of Romeo and Juliet that are directed by Baz Lehrman and Franco Zeffirelli. Lehrman set his in modern times with modern clothing and buildings. He still uses early modern English but with some lines changed, so the modern audience can understand the story a little easier. It was created in 1996. It is given a Miami beach setting with loud music and super-artsy sets, reviewers said Natural born killers meet Stratford-Upon-Avon, a kind of Shakespeare MTV. This version definitely helped younger people with the understanding of the play, and to appreciate the works of Shakespeare, simply because Lehrman could keep to the main basis of the story, yet modernise it to suit these recent times, and keep the audience interested throughout the whole of the film. It was certified as a twelve. Zeffirelis version is set in Elizabethan times in Italy. At the time that this film was created it was the first version of Romeo and Juliet where the two main characters were played by actual teenagers (seventeen and fifteen). He created the latest action, humour and romantic film version of Romeo and Juliet yet. It was shot in Italy in three main cities of Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but all the scenes of riot and duelling were shot in Gubbio. It was certified as PG. Both of the opening scenes begin with the famous chorus Two households both alike in dignity This gives you a basic outline of the story although it isnt clear. Zeffirelli had a male voice talking with the same tone of voice throughout it, it was a fairly plain tone but had the hint of sadness as well. On the screen all you can see is a border surrounding the town at the edge of the screen in orange and yellow swirls giving it an ornament look. There is a birds eye view moving across the town then through it, the camera moves very slowly and appears almost like an introduction to the town and gives a sense of romance and anger. The romance because of when the shot is in the town centre it pivots towards the sun it makes you think of happiness and love. Anger, because of the mist right at the beginning and the dark shadows of the walls when the camera goes down fairly dark alleyways. There is folky and old aged music throughout it, this gives you a head start in knowing there will be old fashioned buildings and costume, this creates an image of the Shakespearian times and recall over the whole story of Romeo and Juliet. Lehrman begins with a television set and a pitch black background with the T.V screen fuzzy at first then with someone channel hopping giving you the directors name an the production team name. It is completely silent with only the sounds of the remote control flicking over the channels. Then there is a newscaster announcing the news/story of Romeo and Juliets death. She is reading the chorus which is read at the beginning of Franco Zeffirelis version. As she is talking the camera very slowly zooms into the screen. Then just as she reads the last line the camera zooms in very quickly into the blue background on the T.V screen. Then very loud opera music is played. This gives you a sense of danger maybe violence, the camera zooms down a long road through the town, I think this might have been influenced by the last line Is now the two hours traffic of our stage as the word traffic stands out. Then there are flashes of the scenes throughout the movie mainly of violence. The chorus is repeated this time by a male voice. There are pictures of newspaper articles and main words like Two star crossed lovers take their life this is to point out main themes of the story. There is also displays of the white dove and sacred heart labelling Catholicism. The party scene in Zeffirelis in some ways is different but also similar to that in Lehrmans, like when the pair talk to each other there is a solo being sung in the background or on-stage both romantic songs to set the scene for when the pair fall in love. In Lehrmans you have the vision of Romeo who is on drugs, so there is a lot of spinning camera work to show the works of ecstasy also it changes from one thing to another like when Romeo is talking to Lord Capulet then the next moment he sees him singing also the appearance of Mercutio singing and dancing. Later he is looking into the fish tank and there he sees Juliet on the other side of it. He instantly takes an interest in her beauty and follows her over. Then Juliet dances with Paris but keeps an eye out for Romeo. When the dance is over there is a huge celebration when Romeo grabs Juliets hand and they begin to talk then the camera shows what Juliet is seeing when Paris turns around ands laughs. Later when they are in the lift together the camera slowly moves around them whilst they kiss to get all sides of them both, it does this about two times I think they do this because its such a passionate moment that Lehrman wanted to make it last as long as possible. In fact its done twice once when they get in the lift and then again when they run out of the lift then back in. When the nurse comes to get Juliet she gives Romeo an evil look, which he doesnt understand at first until he realises that she is Capulet, the music quietens and the camera holds long time shots at both their faces also when Juliet finds out Romeos a Montague, this creates a lot tension. In Zeffirellis he chose to get Romeo to see Juliet before she sees him whilst she is dancing. Soon Juliet spots him and she takes an interest. Zeffirelli chose to get them to meet through a dance called the moreska. Here they dance together they dont actually talk but you can see in their faces they begin to fancy each other. At this section just like in Lehrmans there is a lot of spinning camera work especially when there are two circles dancing it shows flashes of Lord Capulet, Romeo, Juliet, and of the entire room which they are in. When it finishes a soloist comes on stage and every one creates a circle round him, Romeo and Juliet try to find each other and when they do Romeo grabs her hand and talks to her. Later they kiss and the camera pauses on them whilst there is no singing in the music this makes it fairly romantic but I think it would have been a bit better if the camera looked up and down them to show they are really falling in-love. When the nurse takes Juliet away she asks the nurse to find out who Romeo is. Also Romeo finds that Juliet is a Capulet here, as well as Juliet finding out that he is a Montague. Both directors chose to hold the camera on the couples first kiss. I think they chose this because it really creates a romantic atmosphere this helps people to see the passion between each other. Also they chose to get Romeo to grab Juliets hand from behind a column, this makes him appear like the no fear type, the type who are not scared to jump into things like here he instantly tries to impress her with holy palmers kiss. This keeps up Romeos personality on what he does for love, like at the end killing himself for Juliet.

Comparison Between Grapes Of W :: essays research papers

People who feel trapped often do desperate things that affect themselves and others. “Fifth Business'; and “The Grapes of Wrath'; are two novels that both consist of trapped characters that are affected physically, emotionally, and socially. These elements are the very foundation of entrapment, which lead to the downfall of the characters. Mary from the novel “Fifth Business'; and Grampa from “The Grapes of Wrath'; are two characters that have a fatal flaw in their lives and characteristics that lead to their destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mary and Grampa are the two characters that can be portrayed as being physically trapped. Mary is physically trapped by her own actions. When she meets a tramp in the gravel pit, she allows him to make love to her. This event causes her husband Amasa to resign from his job as a Baptist Minister due to shame and disgrace. After this happening Amasa keeps her tied in a harness so she cannot get out of the house. Mary’s actions affect and ruin her family life. Later in the story it is mentioned that she is in a small hospital behind bars and often under sedation due to her abusive behavior towards Dunstan Ramsay. Dunstan is the one who has cared most for her during her life; however, she considers him her worst enemy for keeping her son away from her. Her physical entrapment due to her behavior and actions, eventually lead to her death. Grampa is also physically trapped, because of his old age. His inability to move around freely has an impact on his lifestyle. Grampa is always trapped in his household and in the vehicle the family is travelling in to get to California. When he does not wish to travel, he is drugged and is forced to go on the journey. Now the entrapment can be seen in the truck; he is physically unable to do anything and ultimately dies. He is not able to go anywhere and is restricted to visit places due to his old age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emotional entrapment is one of the major factors in the destruction of the characters. Mary is emotionally trapped in the past. Even years after her son ran away, she still feels that he is a little boy. Her emotional condition ultimately drives her insane. Her insanity changes her thoughts and ideas. This can be seen when she blames Dunstan for keeping her son away from her.

Meeting the Needs

Respectful educators will include all children; not just children who are easy to work with, obliging, endearing, clean, pretty, articulate, capable but every child- respecting them for who they are, respecting their language, their culture, their history, their families, their abilities, their needs, their names, their ways and their very essence (Nutbrown, 1996, p.54).In relation to the quote discuss the following: 1- Illustrate your essay with one specific group for example children with specific medical difficulties, behaviour problems, etc. Consider the personal, social and emotional factors and their impact on self esteem. 2- What constitute appropriate policy and good practice to ensure all children experience a positive learning environment? Consider the community, school and the individual. Within education, our society can be seen to ensure that all children, including those who have medical difficulties or behavioural problems feel a sense of belonging within education and are not ignored, although this could be seen as untrue by others.As quoted above a successful school practice would support all young children not excluding any for its aim of providing a desirable development and successful practice for the children â€Å"This is an†¦ anti-discriminatory practice which is a fundamental requirement in the delivery of services to all children (Thompson, 2001), this can be seen to be the main aim of a practice as it is where all needs are met without any child in a mainstream school can undergo inclusion. A major contribution to this has been the framework, The Index of Inclusion â€Å"Provides materials that support schools by critically examining their policies and practices, and guides them through a process of development towards inclusive education (Richards and Armstrong, pg.8, 2011).It is not legally enforced but a helpful guide to help schools progress in a positive change. The commitment to challenge and promote social justice within school education for children with disabilities had a particular interest challenged by (Oliver, 1990). Also referring to the quote above, practitioners working with children within education tend to work with all children having medical difficulties or not or any reason, supporting these pupils in order for them thrive. Appropriate policy and good practice is important for maintaining a positive learning environment  for all children. It is seen that agencies such as the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) which takes inclusive education seriously, by being responsive to diversity and reducing exclusion in education, will be put into practice.Then in 1999, Department for Education and Skills (DfES), now the Department for Education (DfE), focused on all children having a chance and also supporting schools to ensure that the pupils have been positively supported all this will be discussed within this essay. The Green Paper: 2011 is an official document based on proposals made by the government for children and young children who have special educational needs or a disability in order to improve their outcomes and be provided with support. This official paper is not only about the children but also based on their families, teachers, etc. this document which addresses special educational needs â€Å"removes the bias towards inclusion† (Department of Education and Skills 2012).I will be focusing on the study of young children with Autism, Autism can be called by many different forms, for example Asperger’s Syndrome, it is based on the constant attention which can be seen as challenging behaviour and correction in how they believe and the interactions around them socially, in the sense that they are given more special care and a greater number of help than ‘normal’ students, frequent visits to doctors leave them feeling as though they are constantly being watched or investigated, affecting their sel f-esteem.I will be discussing whether children who are educated are respected and encouraged whatever their medical condition may be and how their self-esteem could be impacted using the quote above. Autism and Asperger syndrome was first identified in the 1930’s and it based on atypical structure and/or neutral transmission processes of the brain. They comprise of Autistic disorder; Asperger’s syndrome; Rett’s disorder; childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development. A complex syndrome that can be described as having many different brain disorders with similar characteristics.A child can be diagnosed as having autism based from the age of three if they are displaying â€Å"(1) significant delay or inappropriate use of language; (2) failure to develop normal social relationships and interactions; and (3) obsessive or ritualistic, repetitive behaviours† (Wilson, p.101, 2010). Many children are seen to acute sensory abilities, from extreme to m ild in the sense that in the classroom some  children can ignore or block out the noise in the classroom as they may find the noise irritating and/or distracting. Autistic children hypersensitivity may cause them to find it painful and overwhelming when being touched by others.However the most evident characteristic young children with autism is the failure to develop social communication, they may avoid direct eye contact with others which could often be misinterpreted as not paying attention or being interested in other people, this could cause many challenging with educators in ensuring the child is progressing well in class. â€Å"It has been argued that Early Education at its best is inclusive education† (Nutbrown 1985) this statement can be seen as true as inclusive educations provides the child an environment which ensures them to feel accepted and support them and avoids any time of exclusion which could affect the child’s self-esteem.However, â€Å"By defin ition, children with special educational needs have significantly greater difficulty with learning than the majority of children of the sage age† (Wilson, p.29, 2010) children working with other children who do not have special educational needs can be seen to be automatically excluded as the pace in which they learn would be different and the children would be progressing at different paces, as children with autism may display challenging behaviour. Children with medical difficulties such as Autism may feel a sense of dis-belonging and their self-esteem will be affected as they would be marginalised against the schooling system as they are seen to be very vulnerable. The child does not see themselves as a member of a particular group and follows their own interest rather than that of the other children in the playgroup.Young children including those with special educational needs rely on their educators as well as their parents support and encouragement in order for them to f eel happy, confident and secure. Within an educational setting, this is important to establish as it develops their feeling of self-esteem from the reactions and responses by people as they feel accepted by them in order for these children to feel as a participant within the establishment. It is seen that many children with special educational needs, in relation, children with autism suffer from self-esteem and self-identity problems.Children with autism are seen to be expected to have lower levels of basic literacy and numeracy skills compared to their peers. As these children with SEN may already suffer from self-esteem issues it will be essential to  establish affective development during education however this also applies to all children. Their needs may not be met by educators who follow the National Curriculum (Department for Education and Skills, 2005, p.5). Their ability to have difficulty in understanding what they are being taught may lead to low self-esteem, low levels of concentration and underdeveloped social skills (Ibid., p.5).The traditional way of thinking of children with mild autism is that they are the same as their neuro-typical peers but yet they have something missing, a definition like this does not explore the fact that these children also have outstanding achievements and original thought process which may cause them to low self-esteem and are not supported by their peers therefore developing emotional and behavioural problems in order to support these children accessing equal opportunities in the education system, the educators, parents and others will work closely together to ensure the student is supported emotionally and socially.Students with autism are seen to work well with repeated short structured teaching sessions where the focus would be on working on skills such as social interaction with the educators being sensitive to the child’s needs. Intensive interaction can be used in order to develop and encourage the ch ild within the education system. A principle of intensive interaction (Hewett and Nind, 1998) is that it is necessary to develop the child’s ability to enjoy the company of others, and to develop his understanding of how to interact with others and how to communicate. Short sessions for the child is used to develop their communication skills and encourage learning, which is essential for accessing equal opportunities to the education system.Using this approach, the progress of pupils with autism has been assessed and reported (Nind, 1999). Working with children with autism within the education system may require the educators to be very sensitive to the emotional, physical and personal needs of the child. Working with social situations tend to be difficult for these students however with accessing equal opportunities putting the child with a small group of pupils with sensitively can ensure that the child adapts largely to the social aspects of being with group and the activi ties taking place, gradually both the task and the level of social interaction needed can be increased in complexity.Whether or not time is allocated to work on children’s affective functioning too often depends on adventitious encounters with  teachers who have been converted to the need to address such areas. It is time – as a profession – that we all recognised, for example, the need to give adequate time ‘to working on the self’. It is iniquitous for us not to undertake this task. As educators, are we called upon to educate the ‘whole’ child? If not, who looks after the neglected parts? (Charlton and Jones, 1990, p149) It may be impossible to provide a positive learning environment if the child is suffering from affective problems and a range of potential casual factors do not exist.Until the last few years, affective development has not been evident within curriculum documents and guidance but, as suggested, if these documents ar e not addressed, the idea on educators basing the lessons taught of the children’s abilities would pointless as the child’s abilities to access that curriculum may be severely compromised. Practitioners should therefore acknowledge the affective needs of young children and respond to them appropriately, thus enabling successful and confident individuals and learners who can maximise the potential of the learning opportunities presented to them.Practioners within the education system in order to enhance positive self-esteem within the children should have knowledge in the area of the children affective development in the sense that they would use a system which all the children are valued and respected in order for their learning styles to progress. The use of consistent structure and routine for children with autism is essential as stability is needed in order for them to reach their full potential. Difficulties may arise for the child if they left without feeling valu ed and respected, educators would need to treat all children along with those who have Special educational needs and positive experiences of learning with a level of confidence that will enhance their self-esteem, and working with the parents would enhance this.Within Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) which believes that in order for children to succeed Practioners would need to consider areas of affective development. This is reinforced in the EYFS documentation which states that â€Å"children must be provided with experiences and support which will help them to develop a positive sense of themselves and of others; respect others; social skills; and positive disposition to learn. Practioners must ensure support for children’s social emotional well-being to help them to know themselves and what they can do (DCSF, 2008:24).The practitioners can then focus on the guidance given and  practice observing, recording and informing planning certain area such as self-esteem, sel f-confidence and behaviour and social control. It is seen that children with special educational needs find it more difficult to access equal opportunities in the education system. â€Å"The less academically able continue to suffer disproportionately from whatever chronic or acute problems affect the education service (Department of Education and Science 1991, p.2). These young children will find it difficult to develop positively and use education as a learning curve. These young children tend to be brought up from a poor background with families who do not have the requirements to send their children to schools that focus more on individual needs as the society’s values and priorities reflect of the school.It is seen that in order to access equal opportunities individuals will practice working with educators of the education system. For example, families of the children will work with the practitioners in order to provide the relevant and effective early childhood interve ntion. The educators should be able to work with the child with special educational needs and their families, setting challenging but achievable targets. Families modify their lives around multiple professional services and when they are given peace of mind that their child is in a healthy environment they will respond to this positively. It is seen that autistic people have been labelled as ‘too challenged’ or even ‘too difficult’ to work in a classroom, and as a result they are denied access to the very public services which are designed to support them.This could hinder their self-esteem which may cause them to deal their intense feelings in a way which can be seen as ‘inappropriate’. There are higher numbers of autistic people who attempt suicide (Bernard et al, 2000). These autism people are seen to commit suicide more than those without a disorder as they experience exclusion and are denied opportunities which can make life difficult for them in life. Challenging behaviour has come down to many different factors to challenging behaviour to work inclusively with children with specific special education needs as attention hyperactivity deficit disorder (ADHD) or autistic spectrum disorder. Educators would need to explore two main models of disability: the medial and social models.The medical model involved the child being ‘blamed’ or described as ‘ill’. No account is taken of external factors such as environment (Frederickson and Cline 2009; Garner 2009). The social model has  a more inclusive approach blaming society , is seen to create barriers which could prevent children from learning opportunities. The UK government Green Paper ‘Meeting the Childcare Challenge’ (May 1998) established a ‘National Childcare Strategy’ and proposed inclusive provision where possible for children with special needs (Sestini, 2001).Commonly, institutions are giving out the same reso urces into all their branches and it is seen that these services should be made accessible and appropriate for all children, including children with special educational needs. It is seen that the one to one approach regarding children would maximise the equal opportunities for individuals accessing the education system. Though this service, the educator can encourage and support the child with autism in order to increase their social skills, these one-to-one sessions can be blended with other activities and routine within the classroom which can challenge the child from feeling a lack of acceptance and a sense of social inclusion.Lewis (2000) poses questions which can be addressed towards an inclusive education ‘How far is it leniable to assume that the education system as presently constituted provides a healthy environment for all, let alone the most vulnerable? (p.202). He explains the importance of quality should be stressed. Problems in the past are involved within the se tting however it is stressed that they should not deter educators from including special educational needs children in inclusive setting. â€Å"The need for teachers to step beyond the classroom and to work with children and families in the context of the community† (Wilson, 2003), this is goes by working with outside organisations which comes with extra challenges as well as benefits.Professionals need to work from the premise that ‘each family has its own culture and a unique set of strengths, values, skills, expectations, and service needs’ (Bailey, 1994, p.28) White working with children in order to ensure the child undergoes positive development it is essential for the parent involvement to be on the same level of progress as the educators focus of the individualized needs of the parents, these are seen as critical involvement as it is important, to establish family education and involvement options to them. With the requirements placed by the government on teachers in mainstream schools for children with special educational needs, SEN work has now officially been recognised as central to the teaching and learning function of schools.In the past, there were not many  studies undertaken on the guidance requirements of the code of practice. Until recent years throughout the period of 1995-2000 (Evans, Docking, Bentley and Evans 1995, Lewis, Neil and Campbell 1996, OFSED 1996, Demington, Evans and Lee 1996, Davis, Garner and Lee 1998). This work was able to show the tensions in the Code of Practice and although many SENCO’s spoke of not having enough time to follow the procedures of the code, overtime SEN work is now recognised as a respected policy. In reference to the quote above, â€Å"inclusive education† is subject to all learners, members of the school, college and wider community.By this, all learns do not refer to those who â€Å"have special needs† or a vulnerable, but by means every child and their essence in order to develop healthily. To ensure that all students experience a positive learning education, the term ‘inclusive education’ must be put into place within schools. Educators have to ensure that if there is a diversity of students within the classroom; including those with different ethnic and class backgrounds, their rights and interests should be explored. The term ‘inclusive education’ refers to all the learners being successful, being pushed to their full potential.For a vast majority of disabled pupils under the policy of School Action/School Action Plus their ‘needs are met’ through mainstream schools to ensure that all children are successfully included. The quote above refers to inclusion within schools, which over the years but mostly the last decade has significantly developed in terms of the legislation and research. This has seen to begin from Warnock report (DES, 1978) which discussed progressive movements towards an inclusi ve education system for all children. For inclusion to be effective pupils must actively belong to be welcomed by and participate in a school and community that they should be fully included.As young children with autism lack more social skills within society it is seen that the social understanding of these children with special needs in the inclusive classroom is of special concern. As research indicates ‘as a group of children with disabilities are at relatively risk for peer rejection than typically developing children’ (Odom, 2000, p.21) Good practice to ensure an educative system under positive learning would be full participation for all the children in all aspects of the provision. All children would have the opportunity to engage actively within the classroom with the teachers and their classmates being positively welcomed and participating.It is  seen that in order to ensure all children experience a positive learning environment the need of effective policy and practice is needed in order to provide a successful learning experience for them. In terms of young children with special education needs in England, according to the revised Special Educational Needs, Code of Practice, children do have a great difficult in learning than a majority of children so it is important to establish this. Promoting individual talents, interests and ensuring an appropriate learning experience could be seen as one of the primary responsibilities of the early childhood personnel when working with all children of all personalities and development.This requires a close observation of the children to ensure the experiences is a success and if any children overtime is lacking in development the educators find a solution quickly. This includes the children’s interests with others and their environment being alternative to their peers and teachers etc. Most children struggle from anxiety when moving from the transition of home to a learning environment a nd which is normally greater for children with special educational needs. Therefore practitioners and educators need to practice a positive programme that can make the transition easily on both sides â€Å"A programme philosophy should reflect should practice, research and theory related to young children and their characteristics† (Wilson, 2003).This is needed to establish the key educational sources in order to establish on environment where the child understands they are a valued part of a group and where the educators’ are in situations that are appropriate to each child needs and abilities. Overall, pupils within mainstream society are seen to need attention when being educated so they obtain what is needed in order for them to succeed. Working in an education system without induction creates full participation with all pupils in order to achieve a successful mainstream experience. With the educators provide a social and emotional environment without the complex a ctivities.Many services when integrating early childhood services and special educational needs undergo services designed to integrate all aspects of children for an inclusive education â€Å"In the classroom, the early childhood teacher needs to facilitate the interactions children have with toys, materials, activities, peers and adults†, These interactions will lead to the child â€Å"developing understanding about the world and the way it works, and help children gain feelings of  self-worth and competency† (Wilson, 2003, p.23). Children with SEN would not be able to make progressive developing, this includes all children, this is why many policies have been put into place to ensure the various dimensions within a mainstream schools has been explored to ensure initiated learning.

Academic Degree and College Essay

Is college really worth it? A question many students start to ask as the college cost increases and jobs are tougher to get. When considering college you have to reflect more about what you want out of it rather than what you have to do to complete it. Although getting accepted into a good college is a great start, getting a college degree may appear intimidating in terms of the educational responsibility, tuition, fees, and time commitments involved. However, there are many other ways in which a college degree can be a useful investment; with enhancing the value of your life in several ways. In the future, the education received from college will be very helpful to people in several ways. College is becoming a major decision with adults in America today because people are questioning whether or not if college is actually worth it. People are not doing their research on how a college degree is more beneficial than if you did not earn one. Numerous studies have revealed that a college education can lead to long-term financial returns and increase a student’s success in the future. According to Deanna Mascle â€Å"Individuals with bachelor degrees earn about 60 percent more than those with just a high school diploma, who in turn earn about 40 percent more than high school dropouts†( 2012). Receiving a college degree and bringing what you learned to the real world will benefit you in your pursuit for financial success. If you do not have a mindset that you are going to put your full potential in college. Cooper, argues that there is no reason to waste your time and money. In our society now a college education is no longer a choice or privilege, but rather a necessity or requirement. We are basically raised and accustomed to believe that one needs a higher education in order to succeed in life. The major reason why people go to college is not because they want to, but because they essentially have to. In the article â€Å"College is still worth it†, Anthony Carnevale states, that businesses pay more money to workers with degrees than to those without because employers believe that postsecondary educated workers are more valuable (Carnevale 8). Even though society has began to change that it’s basically a necessity to have a college degree to get a good job its well worth the money in the end. There are a numerous amount of waiters/waitresses, bartenders, plumbers, and so on who have college degrees and are working in jobs that don’t require advanced degrees. A cashier, for example, earns $19,000 on average, but with a college degree, earns $29,000 on average. Similarly, plumbers without a degree earn $37,000 on average, but earn $52,000 with a college degree. Nearly all high school seniors are pressured by their guidance counselors and parents to go to college because it is â€Å"the right thing to do. † In Caroline Bird’s essay â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money†, she states that students go to college because â€Å"Their mothers wanted them to go. † (481) The undergraduate may have different dreams about what he or she desires to do in life, but because they believe that these â€Å"mentors† make out what is best for them, they almost certainly end up doing something that they do not want to do, resulting in being unhappy with their life. Bird makes some good points in her essay, but if children did not get pressured they would have no idea about college, and probably would not even think about going. Bird argues that college is a waste of money because youngsters do not know what they want. No one wants parents, teachers or counselors telling high school students to aim low and skip college. College is expensive we all have established that, but it doesn’t have to be. If you have to take out, or plan on taking out more than $50,000 to go to college, you should consider searching for other colleges that will be able to fit your budget. According to Cooper, he has finished college and has a great job. He goes on to talk about how if he never decided to go to college and pay the high tuition that goes along with it. The Public Policy Institute of California concurs and predicts that â€Å"41 percent of jobs in 2025 will require a college degree. † If these counselors and parents did not push these students into looking, and going to college, then the question is who would? Even when applying for a job that will not use your exact degree, just having that degree gives you an advantage over the other applicants who do not possess a degree. The majority of the employers of the company are looking for students with a college degree since employers are looking for students who have the skill to learn new things which is essential in order to work in the corporate world. The degree reassures the employers that a student with a degree can be engaged since completing a degree, that means that he/she can handle the work environment, and also has the skill to settle in to constant change. A degree is said to be more significant than the degree type as such, so as long has one has the ability to learn, then they will have a more prone  chance of getting employed. The majority of college students would feel that college is a waste of money because they do not learn what they want to. Instead they have to take classes that have nothing to do with what they are majoring in, and are only taking these classes to complete the educational requirement to start their actual major. With the increasing costs of college tuition, as well as essentials such as books a college education becomes a burden somewhat more than an investment. Tuition costs continue to rise, and for a lot of struggling Americans, getting an education now means years and years of monthly debt payments. Alexander Thomas Public, two-year college tuition has gone up 7. 3 percent since last year and will no doubt continue to rise (2012). Thomas says â€Å"there are definitely ways to reduce the cost of college, and educating yourself on the federal student loan process in general is extremely useful in the long run†(2012). Although college is expensive, if it is approached the right way, students can get the education they need and desire without getting buried in tons of debt. Americans just need to be smart and do their research when it comes to paying for college. The main reason for attending college is to get a well-paying career, while being happy with that career choice. College prepares you with educational understanding in order to accomplish something in the future. According to Dale Coye the â€Å"New American College†, higher education is necessary for you future. He states that â€Å"In spatial terms, teaching and learning may begin in a classroom, but course work also spills over into the life of the campus and the community. Students engage in experiential learning and co-curricular activities that take abstract ideas and anchor them in real-life problems† (Coye 20). Time and commitment are very important in succeeding with getting a college degree. According to Cooper, if you are planning to have children you should wait until you finish college, as it is a big commitment and time consuming even without children. Parenting students tend to complete four-year degrees at rates far slower than other college students. â€Å"More than half (59 percent) of parents attending college earn less than $10,000 a year† (Sorensen 30). Parents cannot afford to support their children without getting some sort of education. Copper, explains that he probably would not have finished school if he decided to have kids before he graduated. The opposition to get a decent job is increasing; it is near to impossible to achieve a high paying job without at least a bachelor’s degree. Numerous amounts of jobs that only used to want their employees to have a high school diploma now need some type of college education. College is worth the money, nevertheless, is because it is one of the rare associations that frequently holds people of different cultural and racial backgrounds. This allows one to advance their social and communicative skills because they are exposed to unaccustomed cultures. College helps you to become a responsible adult because for the first time most people are nearly on their own. College helps students get ready for major linked skills. Thus, college helps in achieving skills linked to the business one looks to get into. It helps a student in figuring out how to do their job. It is entirely different from high school; you have to manage your private time and financial state as well. Proceeding with college teaches individuals how to handle their lives. Most college students are managing their college life between studying for their exams and earning money through low paying jobs to maintain their college tuition. In addition to this, they are enjoying the benefits of a good social life, parties and lots of friends. The experience one has in college really helps teenagers turn into adults. Going away to college you have to face situations like having to pay bills, time has to be managed well, and cutoff dates have to be met, just like the â€Å"real world. † College is just not about obtaining a good job, but about gaining knowledge. Sometimes it is good to be an intelligent person instead of being someone who just makes a lot of money. There are quite a few reasons why college is worth it in the end, the tuition and college costs are expensive in the beginning, but it pays off once you are earning the money in the future. Researching colleges and finding out the best option for you will only benefit yourself in the end, making wise choices and deciding if starting a family with your finances without a college education will be worth it in the long run, and doing research for yourself to see what will better benefit you and your family by getting some sort of college education. An education gives people an understanding of what they can do for themselves and how they can make needed changes in their lives. Simply just giving away money would not teach the skills or values that come with receiving an education. This is the value of education: that it makes lasting changes in the lives of those who seek it. Works Cited Bird, Caroline. â€Å"College is a waste of time and money. † The Case Against College (1975): n. pag. Print. Carnevale, Anthony. â€Å"College is Still Worth it. † Inside Higher ED 14 Jan. 2011: 8-10. Print. Cooper, Edward, Veterinarian. Personal Interview. 27 Oct, 2012. Coye, Dale. â€Å"Ernest Boyer and the New American College. † Connecting with the Disconnects 29. 3 (1997): 20. Print. Mascle, Deanna. â€Å"A College Degree in nearly a necessity. † Thinking about college? We can help! : n. pag. College Tidbits. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Sorensen, Kia. â€Å"Unmarried Parents in College. † Fragile Families 20. 2 (2010): 28-50. Print. Tutiion Breakdown: Is college worth it? HLNtv. com Turner Broadcasting System Inc, 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.

Marijuana Controversy essays

Marijuana Controversy essays A significant amount of the United States population admits to illegally using marijuana. Many people have found that using medical marijuana, where it is legal, has had nothing but positive results. I have seen many people young and old using marijuana for recreational use in the last four to five years of my life. In my past experiences with marijuana and marijuana users, I have realized that a very large amount of people habitually smoke marijuana. While being around people who use this drug and occasionally using it myself, I have seen both positive and negative effects. Although marijuana may cause health problems and impair a persons judgment, this illegal narcotic may also have many positive effects on economy and our population. The controversy with marijuana all revolves around the proposed legalization of the drug. While there is a large amount of the population who is strongly against the idea, the number of people who are in favor are growing every day. Politicians, mainly democrats and liberals are beginning to take the stoners side. The governor of New Mexico, Gary Johnson, has made it very clear that he is in favor of legalizing the drug, and also that he was once a weed smoker himself (Duhigg, 14). Not only does this raise questions about how our country is currently viewing marijuana, but also how legalizing this drug may completely overturn the prohibition on this billion-dollar industry. The United States government is currently spending almost $40 billion dollars annually on the prevention of drugs in our country (Becker, 32). Once legalized, the government will be able to tax the sales; therefore, making more money to help our struggling and nearly war torn economy. Estimates place the world market value of illegal drugs at several hundred billions of dollars. This puts drugs in the same league as the markets for cigarettes and alcohol (Becker, 33). Our economy would be maki...

Business Ownership Types Essays - Legal Entities, Free Essays

Business Ownership Types Essays - Legal Entities, Free Essays Business Ownership Types BUSINESSES It is known that commercial life is full of risk. Co-operation of people or small businesses constitutes big companies and businesses. Owning a business has lots of advantages and disadvantages. We can classify businesses in five basic categories. First of all, the easiest way to set up a business is sole trading. Everyone can start sole trading easily because it requires not so much investment and procedures. Stationers, grocers, bakers etc... can be good examples for sole trading. The owner of the business takes all profits and just responsible for his own business. He doesnt have to employ so many people, and it is easy to direct the company. If the company goes debt, he will be responsible for the debts and will be forced to pay them. Secondly, another and safer kind of business is partnerships. Partnerships require at least two people. A partnership is the division of responsibilities and cumulating of different skills. All partners invest money to establish company. Although money is power, capital is limited by investments of the partners. They share profits according to their percentage. If Company goes debt, all partners are responsible for them. Dramatically conflicts may occur between partners. Sometimes it results in ruin. The third kind of business is privet limited companies, which are owned by shareholders. Specific administrative procedures must be followed in order to establish such companies. It is more complicated and expensive to set up. Although all shareholders invest money, their capital is still limited but more than others. More people mean more skills and less responsibility. If the company goes debt, shareholders pay maximum they had invested. They do not lose their houses, cars, or planes, etc. They just lose their investment. That is the fact that, private limited companies have limited liability. Their accounts are open to the scrutiny by public. A private limited company takes Ltd. After its name. For instance, yksel ins. Ltd., Baytur Ltd. etc... Fourthly, public limited companies (plc) are also owned by shareholders. Public limited companies are more complicated and expensive to set up. Companies can increase their capital by selling shares. These shares are bought in stock markets; anybody can buy them easily. Sabanc, bankas, petkim are specific examples for public limited companies. Their accounts are open to the scrutiny by public. Finally, another big and strong kind is public companies. The government fully or jointly owns public companies. They have limited liabilities and are open to the scrutiny by public. A government can sell apart of the shares to increase capital. For instance, Turk Tekecom, TCDD (railways), Tekel are owned by government. In conclusion, there are five kinds of business from the smallest to the biggest. All of them have advantages and disadvantages. They bring money with risk. It is possible to earn lots of money in business area. Bibliography it

Lanthanum Facts - La Element Facts

Lanthanum Facts - La Element Facts Lanthanum is element number 57 with element symbol La. It is a soft, silver-colored, ductile metal known as the starting element for the lanthanide series. It is a rare earth element that usually displays the oxidation number of 3. While lanthanum serves no known biological role in humans and other animals, it is an essential element for some types of bacteria. Here is a collection of La element facts, along with the atomic data for lanthanum. Fast Facts: Lanthanum Element Name: LanthanumElement Symbol: LaAtomic Number: 57Appearance: Silvery white solid metalAtomic Weight: 138.905Group: Group 3Period: Period 6Block: d-block or f-blockElectron Configuration: [Xe] 5d1  6s2 Interesting Lanthanum Facts Lanthanum is a metal so soft it can be cut with a butter knife. It is highly malleable and ductile. Although the freshly cut metal is bright silver, it rapidly oxidizes or tarnishes in air.Lanthanum was discovered by Carl Mosander in 1839 in the mineral cerite. Mosander was a student of Swedish chemist Berzelius, who had discovered cerium in cerite in 1803. Mosander had suspected ceria contained more rare earth elements besides cerium. Axel Erdmann independently discovered lanthanum the same year as Mosander from a Norwegian mineral Erdmann named mosandrite, in honor of Mosander. Pure lanthanum metal was not produced until 1923 by H. Kremers and R. Stevens.Berzelius suggested the named Lanthana for the new element, which comes from the Greek word lanthano, meaning to be hidden.Natural lanthanum is a mixture of two isotopes. La-139 is stable, while La-138 is radioactive. At least 38 isotopes of the element have been produced.  Lanthanum is one of the most reactive of the rare earth elements. Its uses are somewhat limited by how readily it oxidizes. It is the strongest base of there found in hybrid cars. About 10 kg of lanthanum are needed to make one Toyota Prius ba  trivalent lanthanides. Lanthanum is used in nickel-metal hydride batteries, which attery! Lanthanum compounds may be added to pool produces to lower levels of phosphates, reducing algae growth. Lanthanum is also used as a petroleum cracking catalyst, as a steel additive, to make nodular cast iron, to make infrared absorbing glass and night vision goggles, and to make high-end camera and telescope lenses. Lanthanum oxide has a low dispersion and high refractive index.Lanthanum has no known function in human or animal nutrition. Because it is so reactive, it is considered moderately toxic. Lanthanum carbonate is used to reduce blood phosphate levels in patients with kidney disease.Like most rare earth, lanthanum is not really all that rare, just hard to isolate. Lanthanum is present at an abundance of about 32 parts per million in the Earths crust. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile silvery metal. Jurii Lanthanum Atomic Data Element Name: Lanthanum Atomic Number: 57 Symbol: La Atomic Weight: 138.9055 Discovery: Mosander 1839 Name Origin: From the Greek word lanthaneis (to lie hidden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 5d1 6s2 Group: lanthanide Density 293 K: 6.7 g/cm3 Atomic Volume: 20.73 cm3/mol Melting Point: 1193.2 K Boiling Point: 3693 K Heat of Fusion: 6.20 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 414.0 kJ/mol 1st Ionization Energy: 538.1 kJ/mole 2nd Ionization Energy: 1067 kJ/mole 3rd ionization Energy: 1850 kJ/mole Electron Affinity: 50 kJ/mole Electronegativity: 1.1 Specific Heat: 0.19 J/gK Heat Atomization: 423 kJ/mole atoms Shells: 2,8,18,18,9,2 Minimum Oxidation Number: 0 Maximum Oxidation Number: 3 Structure: hexagonal Color: silvery-white Uses: lighter flints, camera lenses, cathode ray tubes Hardness: soft, malleable, ductile Isotopes (half-life): Natural lanthanum is a mix of two isotopes, though more isotopes now exist. La-134 (6.5 minutes), La-137 (6000.0 years), La-138 (1.05E10 years), La-139 (stable), La-140 (1.67 days), La-141 (3.9 hours), La-142 (1.54 minutes) Atomic Radius: 187 pm Ionic Radius (3 ion): 117.2 pm Thermal Conductivity: 13.4 J/m-sec-deg Electrical Conductivity: 14.2 1/mohm-cm Polarizability: 31.1 A^3 Source: monazite (phosphate), bastnaesite Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures building blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

What was architecturally innovative about the Pantheon in Rome Essay

What was architecturally innovative about the Pantheon in Rome - Essay Example The Pantheon is a building in Rome,Italy that whose design and construction was under the directorship of Marcus Agrippa who was a friend and commander during the reign of Augustus. It was constructed as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome,and it was rebuilt in 117-138 AD by Hadrian after it was razed to the ground during a war. The building is circular with a front entrance portico made up of eight large Corinthian columns made of granite. There are another two groups of four behind that are all under pediment. There is a vestibule, rectangular in shape that links the porch to the cupola that is beneath a coffered concrete auditorium. The dome has a central opening to the sky called the oculus, and it is the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome. Fig 1: Pantheon, Rome. This paper seeks to highlight on what is architecturally about the Pantheon in Rome by discussing various features and aspects of the building. The version of the Pantheon seen today was built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian at around 123AD, which fused the technical, religious and architectural inheritance of the Egyptian, Greek and Roman culture (Baldwin, 2004). The Emperor’s emphasis on perfection of the heavens is reflected in other buildings built by him and in its self-similar use of geometry and proportions. The notion regarding the nature of the universe being spherical is more Greek than it is Roman with the portico and the pediment also being of Greek influence. The coppice of columns leading into the temple is evocative of the hall of columns or hypostyle found in Egyptian temples (Baker, 2008). The interior of the Pantheon called the rotunda is accessed through a pair of bronze doors, with the vertical and horizontal diameter of the interior space being 43.2 meters. This is exemplary of the Romans’ emphasis on the notion of perfection in the sphere but also the heavens, and this sense of geometric perfection permeates the entire structure (MacDonald , 2002). The Pantheon is composed of two compartments namely the rotunda and the portico, with portico comprising of 16 large columns at the opening of the building. The columns are under a pediment with a phrase across it that reads; MÂ ·AGRIPPAÂ ·LÂ ·FÂ ·COSÂ ·TERTIUMÂ ·FECIT. This translates to Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made this building when consul for the third time. The walls are three storeys high and up to 6.2 meters thick with arches built into the brickwork to distribute the weight and achieve the height and strength required to support the dome (Baldwin, 2004). The thick walls are necessary to support and act as a buttress against the dome’s colossal stress. Inside the pantheon, the perimeter wall opens into seven niches that once contained statures of several deities a reference to the structure’s name, which means many gods. The floors are covered with beautiful tiles, which are an example of opus sectile roman mosaics that are used in the rest of the building enhancing the building’s decoration in amazing colours and patterns (MacDonald, 2002). The floor inside the pantheon is a checkerboard pattern that differs from the coffers in the dome, with each part of the dome’s interior subdivided according to different themes. They reinforce the building’s shape with the modular approach augmenting an individual’s point of reference of self and the size of the building. The dome of the pantheon weighs an approximate 4.5 metric tonnes concentrated on a ring of voussoirs that are 30 feet in diameter that form the oculus (Grasshoff, Heinzelmann & Wafler, 2009). Eight columns that are 21ft thick carry the downward thrust of the dome. The light from the open doorway and the oculus are the two sources of light inside the pantheo

Issues in sports 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issues in sports 1 - Essay Example The women players or athletics are under many constraints related to economical, financial, social and political issues. Most of the conservative countries are not permitting women to participate in any sports event. The social and political rules and regulations are against the women. Some countries are not providing enough financial assistance to the women team or women athletics but they are very much interested in putting more money for the men’s team or athletics. According to Kirsch, â€Å"In todays world female athletes are learning the hard way that even if they train harder than their male counterparts and out-perform them they will still not receive the same recognition or money that the guys make†. (Kirsch) Recently, some countries are giving importance to their women players and athletics. United Nations, China and some other developed and developing countries are trying to remove this discrimination through proper implementation of new policies, which help women players to come out from those constraints. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) introduced innovative ideas to solve this discrimination problem. This was a great achievement for women athletics and players. It was implemented to create gender equality in sports. In 2002, the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development took initiatives to give more importance on this discrimination issue in sports. They suggested some steps by which they can create gender equality. The steps are as followed, Drug abuse by athletes and sports persons is an international issue in sports. For instance East German succeeded in sports during the 1970s and 80s fighting back the United States and even Soviet Union with the help of intake of several performance enhancing medicines. This was meant to prove their power in sports against the west. Swimmers like Kornelia Ender, Barbara Krause and Carol Mitschke were the victims of the doping schemes. During 1989

AOL Project GSB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AOL Project GSB - Essay Example The CEO Sally Smith, a mother of two, is a graduate of the University of North Dakota and holds BSc in Accounting and business administration. She held the position of chief financial officer at Dahlberg Inc. for 11 years before she was hired by BWLD in 1994 as a CFO and promoted to CEO in 1996. The strategies that Buffalo Wild Wings put forward in 2013 accomplished its goals to remain a high-growth, category-leading concept. It has significantly funded new strategic plans, invests in growth and imperatively distributed its earnings to shareholders. Its gross margin over the period 2013 was 27.0% and the operating margin was 9.6%, percentages that are above industry average. The company’s net margin stood at 6.5%. The company is fuelling its growth by increasing demand for its products and services. BWLD’s gross margin is inching upward implying that the company is continuously beating competitors and acquiring domination in the restaurant industry. The company continue s expanding through mergers and acquisitions and the dividends and its payout ratio upsurge. The risks and uncertainties involved in investing in the company are highlighted to caution investors against potential market failures and impending indecisions. The stock price increased by 52% and the company provided substantial value to its shareholders with a EPS $3.80, DEPS of $3.79. Revenue increased and was used to offer a salary increment to its directors. Apparently, its impressive stock performance acted as a momentous factor that fascinated investors. The 10k annual report reveals that the latest earnings that enable it to actively acquire a chain of restaurants that are small to reduce the acquisition cost. The buffalo wild wing company is in a position and determined to expand its base to targeted North American. This started as a result of

Importance of Key Success Factors in businesses and organisations of Essay

Importance of Key Success Factors in businesses and organisations of SAB - Essay Example This report studies critical success factors by studying the case study of the South African Brewery (SAB). Since its inception the management of the company had a vision of future expansion and utilization of the most efficient mechanisms in order to obtain access to the capital and money markets and provide liquidity to the equity and commercial of the company was an early success factor for SAB. In 1892 the company converted into the public company South African United Breweries openly traded in the London Stock Exchange was the event that allowed the company to finance its operation and acquire capital whenever needed take advantage of market opportunities. The company immediately work to work and the creation of the public came simultaneously with the acquisition of a brewery. The smart strategies continued with this company and the exposure gained as an LSE player attracted a key investor which led to the formation of SAB in 1895. Another key historical event in SAB which was a major success factor was the latter acquisition of two other companies in South African beer business whic h enabled the company to control 90% of the alcoholic beverage market share in 1960. A company that controls 90% of a market basically is a company operating in a de-facto monopoly. In reality the company operates in oligopoly. An oligopoly is an industry with very few competitors participating in the marketplace. Since SAB control 90% there are powerful that the power they have over strategic decisions and entire industry provide the company the ability decision such as controlling the pricing, supply and demand of the supply chain in South Africa. That type of power enabled the company to become the player in this industry that serves the need of the customers and creates the trends in product offering that the minority players in the industry follow. A de-facto monopoly allows a company such as SAB to set a price for its product without worrying about the

Assess the view that feminism has succeeded in its aims Essay

Assess the view that feminism has succeeded in its aims - Essay Example Gilligan further stated that there were female and male moral hierarchies, and that the female moral hierarchy should be equal to the male moral hierarchy. Therefore, Gilligan proposed that females and males should be approached and studied differently, and that women might have different moral hierarchies, but that these hierarchies are not inferior to males, just different. Gilligan further found that men and women are different, in that women value care over rights, and men value rights over care. She further went on to note other cultural differences, such as that males define themselves by separation from others, and females define themselves by identifying with others. Further, cultural feminists understand that our rights and ethos are male centric, and believe that society should listen to the women's voice as much as the man's voice (Turnier et al., 1996). Ending Stereotypes of Women Since cultural feminism is concerned with the differences between men and women, and that, b ecause we lived in a man's world, the man is the one who defines society, stereotyping of women based upon a male's perception of the female ideal is one problem that cultural feminists fight to overcome. One of the ways that women are stereotyped is through the use of ideal body images, which are the ideals that women feel that they have to achieve, in order to be seen as being acceptable to society. The ideal is represented by Playboy models and pageant winners, which are, by and large, difficult if not impossible to attain for the average woman (Calabrese et al., 2011). Our society is inundated by this beauty ideal both through the regular media and through advertising. Advertising, according to Dyer (1989), features the feminine beauty ideal because advertising essentially markets a fantasy, in this case, a male fantasy. The objects that are to be sold are made more valuable in the eyes of society by being associated with these ideal images. Therefore, the feminine ideal of the Barbie or Playboy figure – slim waisted and large breasted – becomes the standard by which women are judged in our advertisements, and is responsible for perpetuating the stereotype that women must uphold these ideals (Dyer, 1989).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reason why the feminine ideal is that of the slim waisted and large breasted Barbie doll or Playboy centerfold is because this is the supposed ideal of the male, and, as de Beauvoir (1973) notes, femininity is defined by the patriarchy in society. That said, as Lorber (1993) notes, the standards of beauty, as defined by men, are ever-changing in society. While the ideal might be the Barbie figure today, and it was in the 1950s as well, as shown by the popularity of Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield and Jane Russell, the ideal in the 1990s was the emaciated look. This look, according to Lorber (1993) was small-breasted, slim hipped, and emaciated. This ideal was something that the women starved t hemselves for during this period of time (Lorber, 1993). What controls what is popular, as far as body types go, is patriarchy, society and culture (Lorber, 1993). The problem with these images, aside from how they make women feel, is that women become essentially the object of the male sexual gratification and desire, and makes women believe that their appearance is associated with their worth. This leads to a kind of destructive stereotype, that women are supposed to meet the stereotyped ideal, and, if they do not, they fall

Importance of Key Success Factors in businesses and organisations of Essay

Importance of Key Success Factors in businesses and organisations of SAB - Essay Example This report studies critical success factors by studying the case study of the South African Brewery (SAB). Since its inception the management of the company had a vision of future expansion and utilization of the most efficient mechanisms in order to obtain access to the capital and money markets and provide liquidity to the equity and commercial of the company was an early success factor for SAB. In 1892 the company converted into the public company South African United Breweries openly traded in the London Stock Exchange was the event that allowed the company to finance its operation and acquire capital whenever needed take advantage of market opportunities. The company immediately work to work and the creation of the public came simultaneously with the acquisition of a brewery. The smart strategies continued with this company and the exposure gained as an LSE player attracted a key investor which led to the formation of SAB in 1895. Another key historical event in SAB which was a major success factor was the latter acquisition of two other companies in South African beer business whic h enabled the company to control 90% of the alcoholic beverage market share in 1960. A company that controls 90% of a market basically is a company operating in a de-facto monopoly. In reality the company operates in oligopoly. An oligopoly is an industry with very few competitors participating in the marketplace. Since SAB control 90% there are powerful that the power they have over strategic decisions and entire industry provide the company the ability decision such as controlling the pricing, supply and demand of the supply chain in South Africa. That type of power enabled the company to become the player in this industry that serves the need of the customers and creates the trends in product offering that the minority players in the industry follow. A de-facto monopoly allows a company such as SAB to set a price for its product without worrying about the

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Accounting - Essay Example Even though, leased assets are not legally owned by lessee, he has the right over the leased assets to make use of and earn profits out of it and hence it should come under the asset side of the balance sheet. Understanding characteristics of leased assets and its accounting standards would be helpful to identify the best method of treating leased assets. Leasing is an agreement between two parties, namely lessor and lessee, for the hire of an asset. By the agreement, the lessor provides the lessee with the right to use and make profits for the agreed period and the lessee pays a lease rental to the lessor in return for the use of asset. The lessor is regarded to be the legal owner of the asset who rents out the asset to the lessee. Normally, at the end of the leasing period the asset is given back to the lessor. Being the owner of the leased property, the lessor in real meanings allows the lessee quiet enjoyments only if the lessee continues to fulfill the obligations. This simple accounting behavior itself outlines the best method of treating leased assets in the balance sheet. On the event of a default, the lessor has a right to repossess the property and a duty to remarket the leased property. For accounting treatment purposes, leases are classified in to two, ‘finance lease’ and ‘operating lease’. An operating lease is a very short term agreement for the temporary hiring of a particular asset. A finance lease is a long term agreement that represents a loan made by the lessor to the lessee to buy the asset. In this lease, risks and rewards of the ownership of an asset will be substantially transferred to the lessee. It is considered to be a rental agreement and legally the lessee has not bought the asset because the title remains with the lessor. However, it is highly important that the commercial reality of events and accounting transactions need to be reported in the financial statement. Simon Benninga emphasizes that accounting experts

Creation Perspective Essay Example for Free

Creation Perspective Essay The account of creation as described in the Bible in Genesis 1-3 is totally different to what evolutionary theories of origin have been propagating – which themselves (i. e. non-biblical theories) have been successfully made a part of the populace’s theoretical presupposition in terms of man’s or the universe’s origin. Today, rarely, if there’s any, can one find a completely sold-out creationist (one who hold to the biblical view of creation’s origin). This is basically due to the fact that the government sanctioned standard educational curriculum does not allow for biblical creationism’s view to be taught in schools – even to posit it as one possible theory among many theories like evolution. This state of affairs among schools is indeed unfortunate for students to whom every opportunity for true balanced learning should be promoted. What if there really is a Creator who created all these things? And, if this is a fact in contrast to the supposed origin posed by atheistic presupposition, namely, evolution, then, the deprivation in terms of factual presentation of realities would be immense. Facts About â€Å"Original† Creations Genesis 1-3 did not defensively argue for intelligent design (another technical term for biblical creationism). These three beginning chapters of Genesis, which introduce the readers to the fact of creation, do not have a hint of a feel of laborious presentation as to how it all happened to be. The record just assumes a wise and powerful Creator. For example, the first verse simply stated the fact that before everything ever had their existence there was God (Genesis 1:1), and He is the One who caused the creation – the Uncaused Cause who generated the â€Å"first effect† (the universe). Thus, Moses points his readers to God as the unmistakable Originator of all things. After assuming the presence of the Creator, the next thing he proceeded to tell was the fact of the nature or the way God the Creator created the original universe. By observation, a keen reader would not have failed to notice the repeated expression, â€Å"It was good,† from the mouth of the Creator. In just one chapter (Genesis 1), the phrase was reiterated six times. Note that the emphasis being made here is the perfection of the whole environment of the then newly created world. It was perfect as habitat for all living creation – the whole biological world. Creation researchers today labor to highlight the evidences for this perfect environment just for today’s generation to see the facts of Genesis account. Now, believers of biblical creation can speak scientifically of Intelligent Design because the bulk of the available proofs are staggering (check for example http://www. creationscience. com). In the third chapter though, the Genesis narrative turned sour. Genesis three attests to the historical fact of the first couple’s Fall (â€Å"the Fall† is theologians’ name for that Event of Adam Eve’s defiance of God’s clear command). It was at this point in human history that all of the ugliness and abnormalities of life were introduced. In the New testament, in Romans 5:12-19, the Apostle Paul refers to Genesis 3 as the access point of death. Actually, the doctrine of how sin entered the world is crucially important for understanding the evils of this world. Although it might not explain everything about the problem of evil, it is an essential part of the whole treatment of the subject. And so, one of the major presuppositions of biblical theology is the fact that the world for what it is today – humanity and the entire creation – is not what it was then as recorded in Genesis 1 and 2. The one truth about the human race and the created world which is stressed all throughout the Bible from Genesis 3 onwards to the book of Revelation is: the human race and the whole creation are in their fallen state and therefore in the process of redemption. Genesis 1-3 As The Foundation truth As one reads succeeding biblical records regarding creation, it is notable that the basic elements about creation are retained and therefore sustained all throughout. Psalm 104 is one example among many Scriptural passages. God is affirmed as the Creator and Sustainer. Comparing the psalmist’s attestation to the fact of God’s creating of certain features of creation, like how the Creator ordered certain aspects of ecology (Psalm 104:14, Genesis 1:29-30), and how God set the moon and sun as â€Å"time setters† to indicate seasons, days, and years (Psalm 104:19, Genesis 1:14), the inspired psalmist only buttressed the fact that the opening chapters of Genesis are foundational knowledge as to the facts of the origins of everything about creation. Now, when other biblical narrative such as those recorded by Matthew as Jesus’ teachings like the so-called Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:43-48, 6:24-34), the focus turns to the fact of Adam and Eve’s fall into sin (Genesis 3) which made the realities of Jesus’ day understandable. Apostle Paul’s teaching on rapture, where believers according to him, will be changed â€Å"in an instant† (1 Corinthians 15:20-28, 15:35-56), supports the fact that redemption is in its process. Paul’s letter to the Romans (Romans 8:18-30) confirms the effects of the curse on earth uttered immediately after the couple sinned (Genesis 3). Thus, different records of various biblical writers are not supposed to be seen as contradictory but rather confirmatory and complimentary when taken together as a whole. The book of Genesis serves as a preface to the whole Bible given its primacy as to its place in the canon (it is the first book of the Bible). It is therefore helpful to interpret and balance the succeeding biblical records to the basic presuppositions found in the first three chapters of Genesis. Jesus, as the Living Word and as the Creator (John 1:1-3), who revealed all these basic truths of creation to Moses should not be taken at His teachings recorded in the four Gospels as contradicting the Genesis record. It is only right to understand Him as affirming the foundational truths of Genesis. The same with other inspired biblical authors; their writings should be understood (especially when they are dealing with sin and its problem inflicted on man and nature), in the light of what they previously understood from early revelations. Works Cited: 1. ) Accessed at http://www. creationscience. com/onlinebook/ 2. ) The Holy Bible. New King James Version. 1982. Published by Thomas Nelson, Inc.

People And Organisational Development

People And Organisational Development This paper deals with the various problems organizations face while implementing change. It looks at change both from the organizational point of view and the individuals perspective focusing more on the latter. It considers the various process and models involved in change management. The paper compromises gists of a case studies which is attached as an appendice. Finally the paper concludes by pointing out the drawbacks and offering suitable suggestions for the organization undergoing change taking into account the short term and long term benefits. NOTE: Case study summarized in appendix 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CCC- Coxs Container Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BBC- Byfields Business College Introduction Change is a continuous process which every organization or individual undergoes at some point. Defining change management is sometimes a very complicated process. To find the exact definition to fit the purpose underpins the professionalism of the organization. Voropajev (1998) states change management as an integral process related to all internal and external factors in projects, influencing project changes. It also involves identification of possible changes already occurred and coordinated changes across the entire project. (Appendix) write out the 6 points in Voropajev BNET Business Dictionary best describes it by keeping it simple and states it as â€Å"the coordination of a structured period of transition from situation A to situation B in order to achieve lasting change within an organization.† To make it simpler we can describe it as the changes organizations perform to realize benefits or to develop a profit making business. Change is the requirement for competitive success. Change is not a simple process done overnight, it requires thoughtful planning and implementation and should involve consultation and involvement of all the people (stakeholders, employees, consumers) who are going to be affected by the change. Change management faces both internal, external factors and approaches related to projects. Hence managing change is a very important. Change is not a single action or initiative. It involves various theories underpinned by Cameron Green (2004) such as Organizational change Team Change Individual change Cultural change The core objective to be put forward is whether the organization is entitled for benefits due to the changes suggested and the dis-benefits the organization will face if the changes are not initiated. Change needs to be measurable, realistic and achievable for it to have an impact on the organization and individual. Burnes (2009) identified the two dominant managing change approaches as identifying the strengths and weakness of organizations, and situations they are designed to address. But even by applying this does not cover problems organizations face. Burnes (2009) also states that both planned and emergent changes have benefits both practically and theoretically but they neglect other approaches. So a framework built to fit change is a better option and making it flexible for future changes goes even further. The ADKAR model (Appendix) proposed by porsci () acts as a useful tool and when realized in a sequence of steps helps individuals and organizations to manage successful change. Many organizations used this to good effect and Jeff Hiatt (1998,2006) developed it further and prioritized on individuals when achieving change successful. Reasons for Changes Problems facing Coxs Container Company (CCC) Nearing retirement of Founder Managing Director High Market Competition Reduced margins Erica Wilson survey entirely on her own Fear of job cuts No training Change not consulted with employees Cultural issues Non co-operation of manager employees Addition of new consultant Lack of communication between top management employees 2/3 staff work in the production department Are people ready to change? What is the best strategy for change? What is the best leadership style Vermeulen (1997) Resistance to change We (human beings) have always constituted to the major share of resistance to change. The bulk of scientific evidence suggests that the more the individual is enabled to exercise control over his/her task and relates his efforts to his fellows it is lot more likely to gain a positive commitment. Paton James (2008) This shows a basis of a democratic government. A fair amount of disagreement and resistant is often seen in change because it is disruptive and stressful. Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) suggested four ways why people resist change Parochial or narrow-minded self-interest Misunderstanding Low tolerance to change Different assessments of the situation People tend to posses fixed ideas and follow certain rules which have worked well for them in the past. But due to advancement in technology, science and trends different organizations tend to be updated with the latest advancement which requires changes or perhaps even re-organising the way they work. Organizational personnels not adapting to this change face the 4 change resistance stated above by Kotter and Schlesinger. But the leader has to assess the situation before implementing the new changes. BBC CCC (Appendix) both dont indicate the assessment being carried out taking all stakeholders involved in the change. Who Performs the Change? A highly debated question is that not many people like change and the people making the decisions come in the firing line if it backfires. Habits are part of every persons life but is counterproductive when it deals with change. Change process or change curve evolves through number of mental phases. Denial Frustration Negotiating or bargaining Depression Acceptance Experimentation Discovery of delight Intergration Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006) Leaders or managers are the people who initiate the change. As mentioned earlier by Cameron Green (2004) the various changes taking place usually the initiator plays a huge part. At BBCs (Appendix) the director forced changes which affected the work environment and a lot of resistance from employees was portrayed but it invariablelly brought down the performance. Two rather contrasting points to put forward both in BBC CCC the individuals accepted change and the individual repelled changes respectively. John l Thompson 73 Role of Leader in Change Management Leaders seem to infer the phrase change management as means of getting the organization to perform what they want. Cramm (2003) in her research article stress that this only affects the people. This could only lead to the lack of the vision not being migrated from the head of the leader to the hands of the employee. Even strategic planning can go to the drain if there is lack in vision. VISION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  STRATEGY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IMPLEMENTATION Leaders need not possess single recommended style. Thompson (1997) Some are autocratic others democratic in the way they make their decisions. Each relies on different strengths such as planning and analyzing, some are intuitive and visionary. What exactly we need of leaders is going up to people and involving them as part of the process. Gaining Inputs Stakeholder views Likes Dislikes Cramm (2003) states that â€Å"true spirit of change management is enabling all employees to express and apply their knowledge in a way that benefits each of them and the organization.† Burnes (2009) also emphasis that employee empowerment as crucial to successful change, especially when there is attitude and culture involved. For this in turn leads us to motivation being an important criterion. He further compared three theories in order to understand employee involvement. Depth of Intervention Cognitive Dissonance Psychological Contract Burnes (2009) There are a few key aspects to be considered by leaders or managers who take on challenge of change. Recognizing group consent a major influence on willingness to change Convey and emphasize two trust Training a part of building process Allowing enough time for change Encourage people to adopt basic idea to fit the real world and them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vermulen (1997) et al. Deal Kennedy (1988) The employees have to be convinced that this change is going to benefit them and is done taking into account the best interest of the organization and the employees. Fragmented leadership is a huge cause of outputs being brought down. There always is a need for a well structured plan to achieve transformation. Carr Littman (1990, p. 195) et al. Vermulen (1997) identified nine steps needed for successful cultural transformation process. Planning for cultural change Assessing the current state of quality culture Training managers and the workforce Management adopting and modeling the new behavior Making organizational and regulation changes that support quality action Redesign individual performance appraisal and monetary reward systems to reflect the principles of total quality management Changing budget practices Rewarding positive changes Using communication tools to reinforce TQM principles Hence the leader has to pay extensive attention to cultural change since it is a sensitive issue. Diagnosing and analyzing the organizations character will provide assessment of the strength and weakness. This can be further built upon. This makes the implementation a easier procedure to be carried out. Managing the Individual Culture Changing organizational structure can be done rather quickly but the cultural change is a long process and consumes time. Kanter (1992) et al Burnes (2009) The fact that many people or even teams are repulsive towards the word change is that they are worried if their individual roles and responsibilities would be affected. People are more suited towards performing actions which they are familiar with. Hence Cameron Green (2004) stress the fact that managing the individual and people within the organization is an important criteria. Thompson (1997) states that if culture and power is overlooked, implementation may not be possible. Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006) state that change management is more about the people and higher efficiency does not come from working harder but from within. Higher efficiency comes from motivation, complete understanding for the entire process and self worth. This has to be focused on a large scale if the company is to improve. The strategic leader plays an important part in the culture of the organization. Attitudes and behavior of employees are affected as well as willingness to accept responsibilities and taking measured risks due to these changes. The culture of an organization is associated to the personality of the individual. Culture and communication cannot be separated and for this to be put in place common assumptions have to be made. Catwright et al Mullins (2005) sees culture as a system of management authority and states three ways employees react. They identify themselves with their organization accept its rules when it is the right thing to do. Internalize the organisations values when they believe they are right and They motivated to achieve the organization objectives Catwright et al Mullins (2005) There are many types of cultures seen in organizations which are cited in Mullins (2005) pg 892 893). But person culture plays as a huge part usually. It sometimes could be people getting together to agreeing with a certain system like the one of sharing cakes on Fridays at BBC. This atmosphere has worked well and has not hindered their success. But forced changes made by the new management has affected the working and led to inefficiencies. Every organization has its own unique culture and large organization posses a mix or cultures. Different people like working in different environments and they get more satisfied and this makes them happy which reflects on their performance. But Dean Kennedy et al Burnes (2005) categorise corporate cultures bearing two factors The degree of risk associated with the organisations activities and The speed at which organizations and their employees receive feedback on the success of decisions or strategies. Change Factors Free market competition is a driving source for organizations and individuals to innovate and change Communication communication strategy Involving people who are going to be directly affected by the changes is crucial and setting up a communication strategy is vital. This has immense effect on reducing the uncertainty people face and assures them of their involvement. By implementing this particular procedure the employees are draw into discussions and gives them the right to debate about the changes. This discussion can convince them why the change is needed rather than just being told to do changes which they really dont know why is being suggested. This can reduce anger, frustration etc being cultivated. This is best described in a mini case study cited in Burnes (2009) where the trade union convenor for NHS had problems with the top managements way of implementing change. Change was not consulted but ordered. This de-motivated the entire department and lack of staff support was evident. The situation seemed not like changing until the new chief executive taking the post on the very first day saw the problem and went to the head of the union. This was a huge step forward since it gave the union head and its employees the assurance of their involvement and them being heard out. This resulted in changes not being possible previously were possible now. It required only a little bit of courtesy and thought to initiate this step. This small win was a big step forward which contributed heavily to the change process. 500 words Management Union Meetings Having management union meetings to address the problems facing the organization and the drop in operational quality is needed. The fact that none of the changes have been discussed with the union is seen as a drawback. The management and the employees can come to mutual agreements and speak over conflicts which are hindering the changes from not being employed. Perhaps suggesting a few compensations to employees might work in favour of the management. Corbett (1994) Drawbacks of Change To every positive there is a negative. If change is not realized tendency to rely on a particular area is too strong and critical factor needed for success will not be built upon. In this every changing world change is the essence for success. Case study at McDonalds Thompson (1997) the smallest change such as change in menu also affects the people involved in making the food since they are accustomed to making the same previous menu. The motivation and moral is suppressed due to this change which will affect quality and time initially. But the organization is going to benefit so this change has to be realized. Forced change and accepted change are two changes which are not discussed often. Case Study Wave management Since over 2/3 of the companys employees work in production department and the fact that they have been working for the past 10 years, managing them to adapt to the changes is critical. Two main steps to put down are Involvement of employees in changes Finding ways to manage them Ezzamel, Green, Lilley Willmott (1995) state that organizations should be leaner, creative and adaptive. Bureaucracy hierarchical control have a lot of drawbacks. Having a network with a shared culture will make the employees committed to the core values of the organization which will bring down the cumbersome hierarchy and its cost. This is needed since there seems to be a vacuum when it comes to confrontation between top management and employees. This new wave management can lead to lot of future emphasis such as Problem-solve through participation Facilitate employee self-discipline Effectively develop HR Flexibly appreciate contingency ambiguity Ezzamel et al. (1995) Ezzamel et al. (1995) also state that managers are not required enforcing rules to control workforce. But this could lead to some problems with respect to disciplinary and motivation. Having cross-functional managers is a way to bring the top management and employees closer. This will bring self disciple as well as a constant monitoring process together which will benefit the organization. This eradicates functional specialism and boundary wjich are seen as obstacles for project management. Strategic management The steps mentioned below is probably the basic best process in achieving change. Planning to achieve the desired output needs a strategy to be implemented. Morgans (1986) et al. Burnes (2009) organizational metaphors 8 point description is good but many people rather prefer Johnsons Scholes (1993) et al. Some problems cannot be solved but only managed and adding value helps to manage change. Values such as awareness, responsibility, teamwork, tolerance and teamwork are supreme just as flexibility and change readiness. Specify time line Specifying the time line for the change to take place is often neglected by organizations. As seen from CCC or BBC case study (Appendix) there is no mention of time frame which does not help to achieve short term or long term wins. This could sometimes weaken the change process and become barriers for change management. Drawing time lines analyzing time lines are crucial to planning and implementation process. 500 words Remedies Motivation Engaging people Ways to make them understand (Educate Regulate them of the situation) Stats (projections) Positive attitude we are not victims, dont take it personal, global competition Get out of a comfort zone loss or opportunities Be a better player you fail company fails Re tool and re invent yourself einstien slogan Ask better questions + attitude Poor planning involve team communicate Dont see the point why will they want to change If ROI is not there then no company will be happy Motivation Manage change Setting Exampes Managing change is an important ingredient to achieving change. It is the responsibility of the management and many organizations fail to do so. There is no point blaming the workers. McCormic () states that effectively dealing with emotional response to change as a key criteria. Managers have their reasons to resist change. This may be due to the fact that they might feel that the change is not going to have effects or lack of trust in the management. Possible solution Top management needs to consider solutions from managers and them in turn from workers. People disagreeing must not be beaten down for their expressions. Top management must review the suggestions and analyze there is enough funds (Executive Sponsorship) to carry out the process if agreed. Open communication two way and honest opinions must be given Expectations must be robust and everyone must be aware of the change. Reporting system must be initiated on mutual grounds. By implementing these steps most managers will tend to be won over by the management and the employees will follow suit. Cultural effects on TQM Culture plays an important part in an organization involving every individual contributing to it and helps change over a period of time. Management plays the most important roles in achieving this transformation. Vermulen (1997) Vermulen (1997) identifies companys culture as major issue hindering TQM and change. Companies through is policies and day to day actions usually send signals defining what is important and proper which in turn helps employees act accordingly. If an audit could be carried out like questionnaires, personal interviews etc this can assess the situation and a feedback system would be created which helps gain commitment and awareness of the present situation. Vermulen (1997) states management must accept and follow accordingly even though there might be differences more than conformance. But what this does in the CCCs situation is that since 2/3 of the company employees work in the same department and are of similar cultural background. This is not always the solution. What effects change can bring STUDENT ID : 469131Page 8